“…It is seen as the universities' job to change so as to become more attractive to non-traditional students. Any attempt to identify difficulties intrinsic to the students, such as the desirability of their acquiring knowledge or skills, is seen as 'pathologising' non-traditional students, or as seeing them in terms of a 'deficit' model (Bowl, 2004;Quinn, 2005a;Thomas, 2005). Reay et al (2001a, b) and Bowl (2001), key writers in the widening participation field, suggest that universities, as a result of their white middle-class ethos or 'institutional habitus', are still unwelcoming places for disadvantaged students.…”