Belousov-Zhabotinsky autonomic hydrogel composites: Regulating waves via asymmetry

Buskohl, Philip R.; Vaia, Richard A.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1600813

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Therefore, at a molecular scale, the majority of the elastomer resembles the fluid oil and consequently, the permeation and diffusion constants of BZ chemicals in PDMS and oil are similar. 18,26,27 Similarly to BZ emulsions, we found that adjacent BZ wells that were separated from each other by a wall of PDMS (Fig. 2A) were inhibitory coupled.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Engineering reaction–diffusion networks with properties of neural tissue

et al. 2018

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We present an experimental system of networks of coupled non-linear chemical reactors, which we theoretically model within a reaction-diffusion framework. The networks consist of patterned arrays of diffusively coupled nanoliter-scale reactors containing the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. Microfluidic fabrication techniques are developed that provide the ability to vary the network topology and the reactor coupling strength and offer the freedom to choose whether an arbitrary reactor is inhibitory or excitatory coupled to its neighbor. This versatile experimental and theoretical framework can be used to create a wide variety of chemical networks. Here we design, construct and characterize chemical networks that achieve the complexity of central pattern generators (CPGs), which are found in the autonomic nervous system of a variety of organisms.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Engineering reaction–diffusion networks with properties of neural tissue

et al. 2018

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“…[ 93,125,126 ] Third, continuous and autonomous surface oscillation in a stimulation field without much human interference would be desirable. Similar to the oscillating hydrogel induced by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction [ 127 ] and the oscillation of LCN actuators in a static photonic field, [ 21,128 ] oscillating waves propagating in either lateral direction or vertical direction (to the coating thickness) are very interesting and useful, for example, in transporting of objects [ 20 ] and cleaning of surfaces. [ 40 ] Another point is that the unique characteristics of LC polymers, for instance, the difference in surface energies endowed by various alignments of LCs, could be combined with surface topographies to find more applications in biomedical applications, for example, aligning the cell alignment directions and cell adhesion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Liquid Crystal Polymer Surfaces with Switchable Topographies

2020

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Surface coatings, as interfaces between functional devices and targeted objects, are critical in the performance of functional devices. Switchable topographies bring opportunities to regulate the functionality of surfaces, ranging from morphing and controllable friction to object lifting and debris removal. Various responsive materials have been investigated to develop switchable surfaces, among which liquid crystal (LC) polymers are attractive candidates due to their anisotropic properties. Herein, focus is put on recent reports of switchable surfaces made of LC polymers. The principle of actuation of LC polymer–based switchable surfaces is introduced, with following exemplary applications derived from these responsive surfaces in the field of surface morphing, switchable surface friction, and moving/lifting of objects. Finally, future possible applications of and challenges in using dynamic coatings with switchable surface topographies are discussed.

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“…Directional stable steady‐state oxidation waves could then be obtained, generating an anisotropic diffusion gradient of the BZ reactants . The geometry of the embedded area also plays a crucial role, with nonunity aspect ratio geometries directing the wave along their main axle . These findings had direct application on the design of self‐oscillating active surfaces.…”

Section: Implementing Actuation: Spatio‐temporal Patterns and Directimentioning

confidence: 97%

Under Diffusion Control: from Structuring Matter to Directional Motion

Cera

Schalley

2018

Advanced Materials

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Self-organization in synthetic chemical systems is quickly developing into a powerful strategy for designing new functional materials. As self-organization requires the system to exist far from thermodynamic equilibrium, chemists have begun to go beyond the classical equilibrium self-assembly that is often applied in bottom-up supramolecular synthesis, and to learn about the surprising and unpredicted emergent properties of chemical systems that are characterized by a higher level of complexity and extended reactivity networks. The present review focuses on self-organization in reaction-diffusion systems. Selected examples show how the emergence of complex morphogenesis is feasible in synthetic systems leading to hierarchically and nanostructured matter. Starting from well-investigated oscillating reactions, recent developments extend diffusion-limited reactivity to supramolecular systems. The concept of dynamic instability is introduced and illustrated as an additional tool for the design of smart materials and actuators, with emphasis on the realization of motion even at the macroscopic scale. The formation of spatio-temporal patterns along diffusive chemical gradients is exploited as the main channel to realize symmetry breaking and therefore anisotropic and directional mechanical transformations. Finally, the interaction between external perturbations and chemical gradients is explored to give mechanistic insights in the design of materials responsive to external stimuli.

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Belousov-Zhabotinsky autonomic hydrogel composites: Regulating waves via asymmetry

Abstract: Embedment asymmetry can program oxidation wave behavior in composite, chemomechanical-coupled gels.

Cited by 28 publications

References 35 publications

Engineering reaction–diffusion networks with properties of neural tissue

Engineering reaction–diffusion networks with properties of neural tissue

Functional Liquid Crystal Polymer Surfaces with Switchable Topographies

Under Diffusion Control: from Structuring Matter to Directional Motion

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