Below-Ground Attack by the Root Knot Nematode <i>Meloidogyne graminicola</i> Predisposes Rice to Blast Disease

Kyndt, Tina; Yimer, Henok Zemene; Haeck, Ashley; Singh, Richard Raj; Vleesschauwer, David De; Denil, Simon; Meyer, Tim De; Höfte, Monica; Demeestere, Kristof; Gheysen, Godelieve

doi:10.1094/mpmi-11-16-0225-r

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…SA and JA were quantified in the collar region of D. angustus-infected and non-infected Nipponbare and Manikpukha at 1 dai by performing a cold extraction with modified Bieleski solvent, followed by liquid chromatography high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis, as described by Kyndt et al (2017). For ET quantification, 3-cm cut pieces of the collar region were transferred to 5-mL glass scintillation vials, which were subsequently sealed with a rubber syringe cap, allowing ET to accumulate in the vial.…”

Section: Hormone Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of resistance in the rice cultivar Manikpukha to the rice stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus

Khanam

Bauters

Singh

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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The incompatible interaction between the rice cultivar Manikpukha and the rice stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus has been reported recently. This research focuses on the underlying mechanisms of resistance in Manikpukha. Invasion, post-infection development and reproduction of D. angustus were compared in compatible and incompatible interactions to identify the stage in which resistance occurs. The results indicate that resistance in Manikpukha is associated with reduced development and reproduction, implying that resistance acts post-invasion. We studied the possible involvement of three classical defence hormones, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET), in response to infection in a compatible interaction using biosynthesis/signalling-deficient transgenic rice lines. All three hormones appear to have an influence on the basal defence of Nipponbare against the stem nematode. Although hormone application increases basal defences, expression studies and hormone analyses after nematode infection in Manikpukha did not show a clear involvement of the hormone defense pathways for SA, ET and JA. However, it seems that OsPAL1 plays a pivotal role in resistance, indicating that the phenylpropanoid pathway and its products might be key players in the incompatible interaction. Lignin measurement showed that, although basal levels are similar, Manikpukha had a significantly higher lignin content on nematode infection, whereas it was decreased in the susceptible cultivar. The results presented here show that SA, ET and JA are involved in basal defences, but the resistance of Manikpukha against D. angustus probably relies on products of the phenylpropanoid pathway.

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Section: Hormone Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of resistance in the rice cultivar Manikpukha to the rice stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus

Khanam

Bauters

Singh

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…LOX's involvement in the plant responseto RKN has been previously reported[45][46][47]. Similarly, rice plants overexpressing AOS1 are less susceptible to M. graminicola[70,78] and the Arabidopsis thaliana AOS mutant dde2 shows more galling by M. hapla than the wild type[70]. 12-…”

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confidence: 79%

The predicted Meloidogyne javanica effectome is governed by the 9-hydroxide oxylipin of linolenic acid

Fitoussi¹,

Borrego²,

Kolomiets³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: The sedentary root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. secretes effectors in a spatial and temporal manner to interfere with and mimic multiple physiological and morphological mechanisms, supporting construction and maintenance of nematodes' feeding sites. For successful parasitism, many effectors act as immunomodulators, aimed to manipulate and suppress immune defense signaling triggered upon nematode invasion. Results: Comprehensive oxylipin profiling of tomato roots, performed using LC–MS/MS, indicated a sharp fluctuation in oxylipin profile following Root Knot Nematode infection. To identify genes that might respond to the lipidomic defense pathway mediated through oxylipins, RNA-Seq was performed by exposing Meloidogyne javanica second-stage juveniles to tomato protoplasts and the oxylipin 9-HOT, early induced in tomato roots upon nematode infection. A total of 4810 differentially expressed genes were identified. To target putative effectors, we explored differentially expressed genes carrying a predicted secretion signal peptide. Among these, several were homologous with known effectors in other nematode species; other unknown, potentially secreted proteins may have a role as root-knot nematode effectors that are induced by plant lipid signals. These include effectors functioning in the manipulation of plant defense signaling and root lipidomics, cell-wall weakening, detoxifying the stressful environment at the plant-nematode interface, allowing feeding site construction and development. Conclusions: Being an integral part of the plant's defense response, oxylipins may play an important signaling role in the regulation of nematode effectors. Herein we uncover activation of specific oxylipins signaling pathways upon nematode infection, which in turn result in reprogramming the nematode effector repertoires responsible for promotion of feeding site construction and nematode parasitism.

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“…Having taken up residence in the plant, the plant associate can either make the plant more susceptible or less susceptible to subsequent invaders. Gall inducers have been shown to have this sort of influence (Zgadzaj et al , ; Lamovšek et al , ; Kyndt et al , ). Effectors provide a mechanism for this type of control (Snelders et al , ).…”

Section: Galls Provide Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plants make galls to accommodate foreigners: some are friends, most are foes

Harris

Pitzschke

2020

New Phytologist

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At the colonization site of a foreign entity, plant cells alter their trajectory of growth and development. The resulting structurea plant gallaccommodates various needs of the foreigner, which are phylogenetically diverse: viruses, bacteria, protozoa, oomycetes, true fungi, parasitic plants, and many types of animals, including rotifers, nematodes, insects, and mites. The plant species that make galls also are diverse. We assume gall production costs the plant. All is well if the foreigner provides a gift that makes up for the cost. Nitrogen-fixing nodule-inducing bacteria provide nutritional services. Gall wasps pollinate fig trees. Unfortunately for plants, most galls are made for foes, some of which are deeply studied pathogens and pests: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Rhodococcus fascians, Xanthomonas citri, Pseudomonas savastanoi, Pantoea agglomerans, 'Candidatus' phytoplasma, rust fungi, Ustilago smuts, root knot and cyst nematodes, and gall midges. Galls are an understudied phenomenon in plant developmental biology. We propose gall inception for discovering unifying features of the galls that plants make for friends and foes, talk about molecules that plants and gall-inducers use to get what they want from each other, raise the question of whether plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi respond in a gall-like manner, and present a research agenda.'Only connect!' E. M. Forster, Howard's End

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Below-Ground Attack by the Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne graminicola Predisposes Rice to Blast Disease

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

Mechanisms of resistance in the rice cultivar Manikpukha to the rice stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus

Mechanisms of resistance in the rice cultivar Manikpukha to the rice stem nematode Ditylenchus angustus

The predicted Meloidogyne javanica effectome is governed by the 9-hydroxide oxylipin of linolenic acid

Plants make galls to accommodate foreigners: some are friends, most are foes

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