Belt Layer Effects on Non-pneumatic Tire Performance by Finite Element Analysis

This study focuses on developing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for analyzing forced convection heat transfer in a heat sink with straight fins. The heat sink's practical design was considered, and OpenFOAM, an open-source CFD code software, was utilized for the model development. The study identified the SST k-ω turbulence model as suitable for the CFD model and validated its accuracy by comparing results with experimental data, showing an average error of less than 5.19%. The CFD results revealed the full development of the thermal boundary layer in the fin channels, emphasizing its significance for heat transfer performance. Notably, an increase in airflow inlet or Reynolds number was found to gradually enhance the heat transfer performance. The study established correlations between heat sink length, Reynolds number, and heat transfer performance, proposing a novel empirical equation with an average error of less than 4.46%. This equation was deemed a valuable tool for designing straight-fin heat sinks for electronic devices, and the CFD model, similar to this case, could be employed in future OpenFOAM-based studies.

Section: Empirical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Forced Convection Heat Transfer Through Rectangular Plate Fin Heat Sink

Chokngamvong

2023

“…Estimating a tire's contact parameters involves a combination of experimental methods and finite element analysis (FEA) [10][11][12]. In the context of hydroplaning performance evaluation, the loss of the tire's contact force serves as a key indicator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Contact Area Model for Motorcycle Tire Hydroplaning Through Experimental Investigation

Chaiworapuek

2024

Hydroplaning, a phenomenon prevalent in high-speed vehicle movement on wet surfaces, poses a significant risk by compromising tire traction and inducing slippage. This risk is particularly pronounced in motorcycles due to their reduced surface area and heightened susceptibility to rollovers. The hydroplaning force acting on motorcycle tires is intricately tied to tire-ground interaction and tire contact characteristics. This study endeavors to formulate a mathematical model to predict the contact area and contact pressure of motorcycle tires, with a specific focus on the impact of tread and groove geometries. A set of 2.5-17 inch motorcycle tires commonly used in Thailand was selected for comprehensive investigation. Eight commercially available tires, each featuring distinct tread and groove profiles, underwent testing utilizing a vertical tire testing machine. Standardized conditions, encompassing a vertical load of 850 N and an inflation pressure of 29 psi, were consistently applied. Testing was conducted at five positions along the tire circumference to minimize position-related variability, and results were averaged for accuracy. Pressure measurement film captured footprints at each load and inflation pressure, with a conversion algorithm employed for interpretation. The resultant mathematical model seeks to elucidate the dynamic alterations in the tire-ground contact area and predict both the contact area and contact pressure. This model's applicability extends to forecasting hydroplaning forces for motorcycle tires with diverse tread and groove profiles, thereby contributing valuable insights to the broader understanding of tire characteristics and enhancing safety considerations for motorcycles.

“…The TTM, used in conjunction with the 3D scanning technique, measured and illustrated the soil bulk density of 3D tractor tire footprint models as a color contour. Phromjan and Suvanjumrat [11] used the TTM to study nonpneumatic tires (NPTs) for agriculture. In this study, the NPT, reduced-spoke NPT, and pneumatic tire were utilized to perform compression testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Verification of Mathematical Models for Tire-Soil Interaction

Phakdee

2024

This study delves into an in-depth exploration of tractor tire performance on soft ground, with a specific focus on the intricate relationships between shear stress, slip displacement, and net traction. Leveraging a meticulously designed Tire Testing Machine (TTM) tailored for laboratory-scale analyses, the study systematically investigates three distinct tread depths of tractor tires. The TTM's unique capability to exert precise control over environmental conditions during tire compression and rolling on a designated soil surface underscores the methodological rigor of the investigation. Throughout the study, rigorous measurements of traction force, compression load, and vertical displacement were conducted to rigorously validate pressure-sinkage and net traction equations. A thorough analysis illuminates inherent errors and limitations within prevailing prediction models, providing a critical foundation for the refinement of future equations. The acquired experimental data not only offer indispensable insights guiding the development of more accurate predictive models but also establish a benchmark for the validation of finite element models in subsequent research endeavors. This work significantly contributes to the nuanced understanding of tire dynamics on soft ground, emphasizing the pivotal role of the TTM in ensuring a controlled environment for obtaining reliable experimental data. The delineated findings and limitations not only enrich the engineering discourse but also set the stage for ongoing research endeavors aimed at advancing predictive models and elevating our understanding of tire dynamics in the context of agricultural machinery navigating challenging terrains.