“…Optimizing a reactor for both the short penetrating VUV and relatively longer penetrating UV is challenging. Most of the laboratory-scale configurations, like quasi -collimated beam apparatus ( q CB) ( Baeza and Knappe, 2011 ; Duca et al., 2017 ; Fang et al., 2014 ; Feng et al., 2007 ), annular reactors ( Ngouyap Mouamfon et al., 2011 ; Zhan et al., 2021 ; Zoschke et al., 2012 ) and micro-fluidic vacuum UV reactors ( Yang et al., 2018 ) employed in VUV research have small mean reactor pathlengths that favorably uses VUV over UV. Despite extensive research published using laboratory-scale VUV reactors, there are scarce applications of VUV reported at pilot-scale ( Krakko et al., 2021 ).…”