Benchmark Study of Induced Radioactivity at a High-Energy Electron Accelerator

Bauer, J. M.; Bharadwaj, V.; Brogonia, H.; Brügger, M.; Kerimbaev, M.; Liu, J. C.; Mallows, S.; Prinz, A.; Roesler, S.; Rokni, S.H.; Sanami, Toshiya; Santana-Leitner, M.; Sheppard, J.C.; Vincke, Helmut; Vollaire, J.

doi:10.13182/nt09-a9283

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The modeling of photonuclear reactions is therefore of the utmost importance for electron-induced activation, especially at photon energies of a few MeV to approximately 30 MeV . Several recent benchmark studies show that FLUKA has reached remarkable accuracy in most cases for estimating induced radioactivity and remanent dose rates at proton/hadron accelerators (Brugger et al 2005a(Brugger et al , 2005b(Brugger et al , 2006 and is also capable of predicting satisfactory results for induced radioactivity at electron accelerators (Rokni et al 2002;Bauer et al 2008aBauer et al , 2008b. For quick estimation, the IAEA 188 report (Swanson 1979) provides useful tables listing the saturation activities of important radionuclides produced in various materials commonly encountered at electron accelerators.…”

Section: Isotope Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, there are fewer similar studies for electron accelerators. Recent benchmark studies performed at the SLAC using a 28.5 GeV electron accelerator indicate that the agreement between FLUKA and experimental results is not as good as that at proton/hadron accelerators (Rokni et al 2002;Bauer et al 2008aBauer et al , 2008b. In their study, several samples of various materials were arranged to expose to the stray radiation created by beam bombardment with a copper target.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting Induced Radioactivity for the Accelerator Operations at the Taiwan Photon Source

Sheu¹,

Jiang²

2010

Health Physics

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This study investigates the characteristics of induced radioactivity due to the operations of a 3-GeV electron accelerator at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). According to the beam loss analysis, the authors set two representative irradiation conditions for the activation analysis. The FLUKA Monte Carlo code has been used to predict the isotope inventories, residual activities, and remanent dose rates as a function of time. The calculation model itself is simple but conservative for the evaluation of induced radioactivity in a light source facility. This study highlights the importance of beam loss scenarios and demonstrates the great advantage of using FLUKA in comparing the predicted radioactivity with corresponding regulatory limits. The calculated results lead to the conclusion that, due to fairly low electron consumption, the radioactivity induced in the accelerator components and surrounding concrete walls of the TPS is rather moderate and manageable, while the possible activation of air and cooling water in the tunnel and their environmental releases are negligible.

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Section: Isotope Inventorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Induced Radioactivity for the Accelerator Operations at the Taiwan Photon Source

Sheu¹,

Jiang²

2010

Health Physics

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“…Its setup and methods resemble those of a previous experiment [1]. Materials typically used at accelerators were exposed to the stray radiation field created by a 2.5 GeV electron beam hitting a copper dump.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation benchmark study at a 2.5 GeV electron accelerator

Brügger

Lee

Roesler

et al. 2014

Progress in Nuclear Science and Technology

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Samples of copper, aluminium and stainless steel with well-characterized elemental compositions were irradiated in the stray radiation field created by a 2.5 GeV electron beam hitting a copper dump. After the irradiation the induced activity in the samples was analysed with gamma-ray spectrometry. The beam intensity monitoring with a current transformer was verified in an additional study by irradiating gold-foils stacked in between copper blocks and by analysing the production of 196 Au for which detailed experimental cross section data exist. All results were finally compared to the predictions obtained with the FLUKA Monte-Carlo code. Excellent agreement between measurement and simulation within a few percent was obtained for the gold-foils irradiation confirming the accuracy of the beam monitoring. The benchmark of the FLUKA results with the data of the material samples showed good agreement, for many nuclides within 30%.

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Analysis of Neutron Production in Passively Scattered Ion-Beam Therapy

Heo

Yoo

Song

et al. 2016

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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A new treatment facility for heavy ion therapy since 2010 was constructed. In the broad beam, a range shifter, ridge filter and multi leaf collimator (MLC) for the generation of the spread-out Bragg peak is used. In this case, secondary neutrons produced by the interactions of the ion field with beam-modifying devices (e.g. double-scattering system, beam shaping collimators and range compensators) are very important for patient safety. Therefore, these components must be carefully examined in the context of secondary neutron yield and associated secondary cancer risk. In this article, Monte Carlo simulation has been carried out with the FLUktuierende KAskade particle transport code, the fluence and distribution of neutron generation and the neutron dose equivalent from the broad beam components are compared using carbon and proton beams. As a result, it is confirmed that the yield of neutron production using a carbon beam from all components of the broad beam was higher than using a proton beam. The ambient dose by neutrons per heavy ion and proton ion from the MLC surface was 0.12-0.18 and 0.0067-0.0087 pSv, respectively, which shows that heavy ions generate more neutrons than protons. However, ambient dose per treatment 2 Gy, which means physical dose during treatment by ion beam, is higher than carbon beam because proton therapy needs more beam flux to make 2-Gy prescription dose. Therefore, the neutron production from the MLC, which is closed to the patient, is a very important parameter for patient safety.

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Benchmark Study of Induced Radioactivity at a High-Energy Electron Accelerator

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Predicting Induced Radioactivity for the Accelerator Operations at the Taiwan Photon Source

Predicting Induced Radioactivity for the Accelerator Operations at the Taiwan Photon Source

Activation benchmark study at a 2.5 GeV electron accelerator

Analysis of Neutron Production in Passively Scattered Ion-Beam Therapy

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