Benchmarking Geant4 for Simulating Galactic Cosmic Ray Interactions Within Planetary Bodies

Mesick, K. E.; Feldman, W. C.; Coupland, D.; Stonehill, L. C.

doi:10.1029/2018ea000400

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…We also compared the neutron density versus the soil depth with the LNPE data collected during the Apollo 17 mission (Section 3.1) and found a similar scale factor as obtained by Mesick et al. (2018) when comparing the modeled results to the data using the same physics list FTFP_BERT_HP. The surface albedo neutron spectrum has also been compared with previous experimental (Lunar Prospector) and modeling results (Section 3.3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Indeed, different physics lists can be chosen in GEANT4 for modeling the radiation environment in space. Mesick et al (2018) explored different physical models for calculating the lunar radiation environment and found some discrepancies in the resulting neutron flux (see more details in Section 3.1). Guo et al (2019) found that the Liège Intranuclear Cascade (INC) model has a higher efficiency in generating secondary particles using spallation processes in the energy range from a few GeV to about 20 GeV when modeling the Martian radiation environment.…”

Section: Geant4 Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation Environment at the Surface and Subsurface of the Moon: Model Development and Validation

Dobynde

Guo

2021

JGR Planets

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A comprehensive understanding of the lunar radiation environment is essential in preparing for future human exploration of the Moon. The radiation environment on the Moon includes primary space radiation and secondary radiation, which is induced in the lunar soil. Both primary and secondary radiation may pose severe health issues to future crews on the Moon. In this work, we build a detailed radiation environment model “Radiation Environment and Dose at the Moon (REDMoon)” for the lunar surface and subsurface. We use the GEANT4 (GEometry ANd Tracking) Monte‐Carlo code and “response function” approach to calculate type‐, energy‐, angular‐, depth‐, and time‐dependent particle spectra induced by galactic cosmic rays at the surface and subsurface of the Moon. Calculated radiation particle fluxes on and beneath the surface are in good agreement with previous experimental and numerical results while offering more details on the lunar radiation fields, such as angular and depth information. The depth profile of secondary particle spectra in the lunar soil has a maximum between 0.5 and 1 m below the surface, depending on particle type and energy. The angular distribution of secondary particles (in particular neutron, γ‐rays, electrons) with energy ≲1 MeV is mostly isotropic, while higher energy particles preferentially propagate downward. Our model provides full coverage of the spatial, directional, and energy information of the radiation field at the surface and subsurface of the Moon, which can serve for designing future human bases on the Moon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Geant4 Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Environment at the Surface and Subsurface of the Moon: Model Development and Validation

Dobynde

Guo

2021

JGR Planets

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“…The simulation code was based on the Geant4 toolkit v.10.0 (Agostinelli et al, 2003; Allison et al, 2006). In particular, we used the physics list QGSP_BIC_HP (Quark‐Gluon String model for high‐energy interactions; Geant4 Binary Cascade model; High‐Precision neutron package) (Geant4 collaboration, 2013), which was shown to describe the cosmic ray cascade with sufficient accuracy (e.g., Mesick et al, 2018). We simulated a real‐scale spherical atmosphere with the inner radius of 6,371 km, height of 100 km and thickness of 1,050 g/cm 2 .…”

Section: Production Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Full 3‐D Model of Cosmogenic Tritium ³H Production in the Atmosphere (CRAC:3H)

Poluianov

Kovaltsov²,

Usoskin

2020

JGR Atmospheres

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A new model of cosmogenic tritium (3 H) production in the atmosphere is presented. The model belongs to the CRAC (Cosmic Ray Atmospheric Cascade) family and is named as CRAC:3H. It is based on a full Monte Carlo simulation of the cosmic ray induced atmospheric cascade using the Geant4 toolkit. The CRAC:3H model is able, for the first time, to compute tritium production at any location and time, for any given energy spectrum of the primary incident cosmic ray particles, explicitly treating, also for the first time, particles heavier than protons. This model provides a useful tool for the use of 3 H as a tracer of atmospheric and hydrological circulation. A numerical recipe for practical use of the model is appended.

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“…Likewise, ω E is cos θ E . The gamma-ray or neutron current J (ω E ) from each of these facets is calculated using radiation transport modeling tools like MCNPX (e.g., McKinney et al 2006 ; Prettyman et al 2006 ) and Geant4 (e.g., Peplowski 2018 ; Mesick et al 2018 ). The number of gamma rays or neutrons emitted from facet at i is denoted j γ (ω E , ϕ E ) or j n (ω E , ϕ E ), respectively.…”

Section: Application Of the Megane Footprint To Phobosmentioning

confidence: 99%

MEGANE investigations of Phobos and the Small Body Mapping Tool

Chabot

Peplowski

Ernst

et al. 2021

Earth Planets Space

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The MEGANE instrument onboard the MMX mission will acquire gamma-ray and neutron spectroscopy data of Phobos to determine the elemental composition of the martian moon and provide key constraints on its origin. To produce accurate compositional results, the irregular shape of Phobos and its proximity to Mars must be taken into account during the analysis of MEGANE data. The MEGANE team is adapting the Small Body Mapping Tool (SBMT) to handle gamma-ray and neutron spectroscopy investigations, building on the demonstrated record of success of the SBMT being applied to scientific investigations on other spacecraft missions of irregularly shaped bodies. This is the first application of the SBMT to a gamma-ray and neutron spectroscopy dataset, and the native, three-dimensional foundation of the SBMT is well suited to MEGANE’s needs. In addition, the SBMT will enable comparisons between the MEGANE datasets and other datasets of the martian moons, including data from previous spacecraft missions and MMX’s multi-instrument suite.

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Benchmarking Geant4 for Simulating Galactic Cosmic Ray Interactions Within Planetary Bodies

Cited by 28 publications

References 58 publications

Radiation Environment at the Surface and Subsurface of the Moon: Model Development and Validation

Radiation Environment at the Surface and Subsurface of the Moon: Model Development and Validation

A New Full 3‐D Model of Cosmogenic Tritium ³H Production in the Atmosphere (CRAC:3H)

MEGANE investigations of Phobos and the Small Body Mapping Tool

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Benchmarking Geant4 for Simulating Galactic Cosmic Ray Interactions Within Planetary Bodies

Cited by 28 publications

References 58 publications

Radiation Environment at the Surface and Subsurface of the Moon: Model Development and Validation

Radiation Environment at the Surface and Subsurface of the Moon: Model Development and Validation

A New Full 3‐D Model of Cosmogenic Tritium 3H Production in the Atmosphere (CRAC:3H)

MEGANE investigations of Phobos and the Small Body Mapping Tool

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A New Full 3‐D Model of Cosmogenic Tritium ³H Production in the Atmosphere (CRAC:3H)