Benchmarking of potential rapid inspection methods for quantitative tracking of thermoset prepreg state evolution with prolonged ambient ageing

Smith, Adam W.; Hubert, Pascal

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110579

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, the yellow region transmittance of fused silica is greatly reduced after immersion. 37 The results of Raman spectroscopy and XPS also illustrate this point. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

A novel atomic removal model for chemical mechanical polishing using developed mesoporous shell/core abrasives based on molecular dynamics

Liu,

Zhang,

Feng

et al. 2024

Nanoscale

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“…Therefore, the yellow region transmittance of fused silica is greatly reduced after immersion. 37 The results of Raman spectroscopy and XPS also illustrate this point. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

A novel atomic removal model for chemical mechanical polishing using developed mesoporous shell/core abrasives based on molecular dynamics

Liu,

Zhang,

Feng

et al. 2024

Nanoscale

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using DSC for prepreg cure progression ensures higher accuracy as it accounts purely for the interaction between oxirane and amine group unlike IR, which basically takes into account every interaction that the oxirane group is subjected to during exposure to atmospheric conditions. 22 The decrease in enthalpy of the process as seen in Figure 5A,B is basically associated with the fact that the quantitative process of cross-linking decreases as a result of diminishing epoxy oxirane groups during aging. For samples exposed to accelerated conditions, there is an endothermic peak at 100 C which represents adsorbed water molecules.…”

Section: Estimation Of Epoxy Group Content In the Prepreg Quantitativ...mentioning

confidence: 90%

Assessment of E‐glass/epoxy prepreg aging via analytical, physical and mechanical techniques

Dobhal,

Das,

Sharma

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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E‐glass/epoxy prepregs are undisputedly a great advancement in processing and fabrication technology. They offer immense advantages over conventional composite manufacturing processes in terms of waste reduction and efficient manufacturing times. These prepregs are used in several industries including but not limited to automobile, construction, defense and aerospace. Their versatility and wide applicability however is shadowed by intricate storage and handling requirements. Prepregs usually need to be stored at below freezing temperatures and hence lose their chemical integrity during transportation if not handled properly leading to a lot of wastage and scrap generation. Therefore, it is essential to develop a rigorous regime in order to determine the shelf‐life and usability of these prepregs. Hereby, we report an extensive experimental design for assessing shelf‐life of commercially available prepregs using techniques like DSC and IR and corelating the findings with mechanical data. The degree of pre‐cure increased to 30% as a result of exposure to moisture over prolonged time and a substantial decrease in mechanical strength was observed. The shelf‐life was found to be about 7 weeks and a strong agreement between analytical and mechanical data was observed.Highlights Analysis of prepreg aging under ambient and accelerated storage conditions. Measurement of prepreg auto‐cure advancement using IR, Raman and DSC techniques. Comprehensive assessment of effect of moisture and temperature on prepreg integrity and tackiness. Co‐relation of spectroscopic and calorimetric data with mechanical properties of laminates prepared from aged prepregs Estimation of prepreg shelf‐life on exposure to room temperature simulating conditions.

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“…6 Examples of influence of temperature aging on thermoset prepreg properties can be found in the literature. Smith et al 7 and Salzmann et al 8 primarily investigated the variation of resin glass transition temperature (T g ) with different aging levels. Rabby et al 9 and De Andrade Raponi et al 10 separately studied the influence of aging in uncured prepregs on the tensile properties and inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) performance of final components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature aging of thermoset UD prepregs on inter‐ply friction behavior and formability in prepreg compression molding process

Zhang,

Han,

Liu

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Limited material out‐life of thermoset prepregs is unavoidable attributed to the slow crosslinking reaction between molecules and curing agents. Previous studies have explored the effects of temperature aging on the final mechanical properties of composites, but have been limited by the processing mismatch in compression molding. The research primarily focuses on the effects of forming temperature and ply angle of prepreg on inter‐ply friction behavior at various aging levels. The importance of inter‐ply friction on the forming quality is further discussed through the L‐shaped specimens forming with prepreg compression molding (PCM) process. Firstly, a comprehensive influence of aging on the properties of resin including cure kinetics, gel point, glass transition temperature (Tg) and viscosity of UD prepreg are characterized and discussed. And then, the influence of factors including resin aging, forming temperature and prepreg ply orientation on the inter‐ply friction are discussed. It can be found that the aging of prepreg reduce 26.47% of inter‐ply friction resistance under room temperature, and the increase of temperature can reduce inter‐ply friction resistance by 79.31%. Finally, the effect of aging on the forming quality is researched by PCM formed L‐shaped components. Results indicated that fresh prepreg with 20°C and prepreg with an aging level of 0.4 performed at 95°C exhibited poor formability, while prepreg with aging level of 0.2 at 95°C exhibited the best forming property. In general, this study provides a basic explain and a practical suggestion to the reuse of room temperature aging thermoset prepregs in PCM process.Highlights A comprehensive of basic properties of aged resin were characterized, as the basic principle for inter‐ply friction behavior analysis. The gel point and final mechanical properties of prepreg were tested, for judging the aged materials whether could be used continuously. The inter‐ply friction behaviors of aged prepregs under various forming temperatures were investigated. The influence of layup orientations on the inter‐ply frictional performance with various aging levels were explored. The effect of aging and forming temperature on the PCM formability were studied and a practical suggestion to the reuse of aged thermoset prepregs in PCM process was given.

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Benchmarking of potential rapid inspection methods for quantitative tracking of thermoset prepreg state evolution with prolonged ambient ageing

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

A novel atomic removal model for chemical mechanical polishing using developed mesoporous shell/core abrasives based on molecular dynamics

A novel atomic removal model for chemical mechanical polishing using developed mesoporous shell/core abrasives based on molecular dynamics

Assessment of E‐glass/epoxy prepreg aging via analytical, physical and mechanical techniques

Effect of temperature aging of thermoset UD prepregs on inter‐ply friction behavior and formability in prepreg compression molding process

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