Benchmarking of premium rail material wear

Christoforou, P.; Fletcher, D. I.; Lewis, Roger

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2019.202990

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A series of twin disc tests has been carried out across a range of conditions for a number of premium rail materials (350HT, and two bespoke alloys, A and B) [26]. Slip values of 1, 10 and 20% were used with a contact pressure of 1500 MPa and a nominal rotational speed of 400 rpm.…”

Section: Wear Of Premium Railmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the influence of rail hardness on the wear of rail and wheel materials under dry conditions (ICRI wear mapping project)

Lewis

Christoforou

Wang

et al. 2019

Wear

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Some railway managers and practitioners fear that introducing premium rail materials will have a detrimental effect on the wheels of trains that use the line. A review of relevant investigations across all scales in the laboratory, and in the field has been carried out. This showed that, as rail hardness increases, its wear, and overall system wear reduces. Wheel wear does increase with increasing rail hardness, but only for wheels running on rails that are softer than them. Similar trends were observed in all studies, so it seems that the fears were unfounded.While the wear trends appear well characterised some issues have been identified. One relates to the varying work hardening capability of wheel and rail materials. Often only bulk hardness is quoted, but work hardening can increase material surface hardness by up to 2.5 times and make materials that were initially softer, harder than the opposing material. Another related issue is test length. It is essential that enough cycles are applied such that the materials reach steady state wear, i.e., the point at which work hardening has reached its limit. In previous work it is not always clear that steady state wear has been reached. Some gaps have been identified in the current knowledge base, the largest of which is the failure to determine which mechanisms lead to the wear trends seen.Analysis of recent work on different clad layers on rail discs and premium rail materials allowed some of these gaps to be addressed. Results indicated that opposing wheel material hardened to the same level independent of rail hardness. Wheel wear is therefore stress driven under the conditions used, and dictated by the wheel material properties only. At higher slip levels relationships become less clear, but here temperature and therefore hot hardness is most influential and is as yet uncharacterised.

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Section: Wear Of Premium Railmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the influence of rail hardness on the wear of rail and wheel materials under dry conditions (ICRI wear mapping project)

Lewis

Christoforou

Wang

et al. 2019

Wear

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“…Equation (3) allows to determine the durability of wheels and rails. Then, the wear depth of Z is replaced with permissible wear Z P and sliding distance l is calculated from the equation (3). Then it is converted to mileage T of the wheel using the following formula [1]:…”

Section: Durabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also works conducted aimed at increasing the resistance of steel to wear and rolling contact fatigue of tracks, e.g. through the selection of material or heat treatment [3,24,28,29]. What also affects wheel and track wear is the design of the suspension system of bogie trucks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of durability and reliability of ET41 series locomotive wheels based on laboratory tests

Witaszek¹

2020

Diagnostyka

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“…Conventional railway steels are made of medium carbon steel grades (C wt-% ranging from 0.45 to 0.8%) and its microstructure consists of hypoeutectoid steel structure (pearlite in the grain and ferrite in the grain boundary). This microstructure has indeed revealed to offer a good compromise between rolling contact fatigue (RCF) and wear response, 1–9 the main damage phenomena involved in rail-wheel contact. The last decades have witnessed an increase in the hardness of the wheel steels and, with this goal in mind, the bainitic steels have been designed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study about the effect of bainitic traces on plasticity in ferritic-pearlitic railway wheels

Zani

Chaise

Ghidini

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:

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Wheel microstructure significantly affects railway wheel performances. Although wheel microstructure traditionally consists of pearlite-ferrite, it is possible to detect some intermediate structures traces, for instance bainite, generated during the thermal treatment process. The difference in mechanical properties between pearlite and bainite causes stress and strain incompatibilities at their interface, and this gives rises to early crack initiation and propagation. This paper aims at investigating the presence of bainitic traces in a ferritic-pearlitic microstructure of a railway wheel through semi-analytical and numerical finite element simulations. The effect of bainitic spot shape, dimension and distribution is studied as well as stress and plastic strain in the proximity of the heterogeneities is analysed. The radius-interaxis ratio parameter, defined as the ratio between the bainitic spots radiuses and the distance between two neighbouring spots centres, is introduced to study the effect of circular-sectioned bainitic spots on the steel plasticity. It is observed that the bainitic traces form regions subjected to overstress and overstrain in the ferritic-pearlitic matrix and that the area of the bainitic spots influences the size of these regions. The bainitic spot distribution is found out to increase further the overstrain in case the radius/interaxis ratio is higher than 0.2, corresponding to about 11% of bainite in the ferritic-pearlitic matrix. Beyond this threshold value, bainite traces can compromise both RCF and wear response.

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Benchmarking of premium rail material wear

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Investigation of the influence of rail hardness on the wear of rail and wheel materials under dry conditions (ICRI wear mapping project)

Investigation of the influence of rail hardness on the wear of rail and wheel materials under dry conditions (ICRI wear mapping project)

Assessment of durability and reliability of ET41 series locomotive wheels based on laboratory tests

Numerical study about the effect of bainitic traces on plasticity in ferritic-pearlitic railway wheels

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