Benchmarking Teamwork of Humans and Cobots—An Overview of Metrics, Strategies, and Tasks

Abstract

Human-robot teaming receives an ever-increasing level of attention in research, development and industry. Novel approaches to task sharing in hybrid teams range from optimized schedules to intelligent cobot assistants with a high degree of autonomy. These approaches must prove their usefulness and benefits compared to manual work or full automation -particularly when it comes to assessing their potential for productive industrial use. This leverages demand for standardized, repeatable benchmarks to compare approaches and measure improvements in a reproducible way. Designing such benchmarks is challenging as numerous aspects, from safety considerations to human factors and team performance, must be considered. This survey seeks to contribute to the future development of benchmarks for the field of collaborative assembly, handling, and industrial cobot applications by giving a comprehensive overview of relevant metrics, evaluation strategies, and tasks for human-robot teams.

Design considerations and workspace computation of 2-X and 2-R planar cable-driven tensegrity-inspired manipulators

“…Recently, there has been a growing interest in developing manipulators for safe interactions with the environment and collaboration with humans [1], [2]. In this regard, nature has been a great source of inspiration for roboticists to develop robots with such enhanced capabilities [3].…”