Benchmarking the Performance of Electropolymerized Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrodes for Neural Interfacing

Nikiforidis, Georgios; Wustoni, Shofarul; Routier, Cyril; Hama, Adel; Koklu, Anil; Saleh, Abdulelah; Steiner, Nadia Yousfi; Druet, Victor; Fiumelli, Hubert; Inal, Sahika

doi:10.1002/mabi.202000215

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The specific capacitance of the PEDOTOH composite electrodes was determined by the discharge curve of galvanostatic charge‐discharge cycles at different current densities (Figure S3). All electrodes exhibit ideal triangular shapes at any given current densities, consistent with the rectangular CV profiles that showed a dominated capacitive charge storage mechanism [20] . Figure 2c shows a comparative GCD plot at a current density of 2 mA cm −2 , and the specific capacitance extracted from GCD curves at different charging rates is presented in Figure 2d.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…All electrodes exhibit ideal triangular shapes at any given current densities, consistent with the rectangular CV profiles that showed a dominated capacitive charge storage mechanism. [20] Figure 2c shows a comparative GCD plot at a current density of 2 mA cm À 2 , and the specific capacitance extracted from GCD curves at different charging rates is presented in Figure 2d. The corresponding specific capacitances of each electrode as a function of normalized current density are shown in Figure S4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of PEDOTOH/PEO‐based Supercapacitors in Agarose Gel Electrolyte

Wustoni

Nikiforidis

Ohayon

et al. 2022

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Poly(3, (PEDOT) is a prime example of conducting polymer materials for supercapacitor electrodes that offer ease of processability and sophisticated chemical stability during operation and storage in aqueous environments. Yet, continuous improvement of its electrochemical capacitance and stability upon long cycles remains a major interest in the field, such as developing PEDOT-based composites. This work evaluates the electrochemical performances of hydroxymethyl PEDOT (PEDOTOH) coupled with hydrogel additives, namely poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and polyethyleneimine (PEI), fabricated via a single-step electrochemical polymerization method in an aqueous solution. The PEDOTOH/PEO composite exhibits the highest capacitance (195.2 F g À 1 ) compared to pristine PEDOTOH (153.9 F g À 1 ), PEDOTOH/PAA (129.9 F g À 1 ), and PEDOTOH/PEI (142.3 F g À 1 ) at a scan rate of 10 mV s À 1 . The PEDOTOH/PEO electrodes were then as-sembled into a symmetrical supercapacitor in an agarose gel. The type of supporting electrolytes and salt concentrations were further examined to identify the optimal agarose-based gel electrolyte. The supercapacitors comprising 2 M agarose-LiClO 4 achieved a specific capacitance of 27.6 F g À 1 at a current density of 2 A g À 1 , a capacitance retention of ~94% after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles at 10.6 A g À 1 , delivering a maximum energy and power densities of 11.2 Wh kg À 1 and 17.28 kW kg À 1 , respectively. The performance of the proposed supercapacitor outperformed several reported PEDOT-based supercapacitors, including PEDOT/carbon fiber, PEDOT/CNT, and PEDOT/graphene composites. This study provides insights into the effect of incorporated hydrogel in the PEDOTOH network and the optimal conditions of agarosebased gel electrolytes for high-performance PEDOT-based supercapacitor devices.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of PEDOTOH/PEO‐based Supercapacitors in Agarose Gel Electrolyte

Wustoni

Nikiforidis

Ohayon

et al. 2022

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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“…Electropolymerization can precisely deposit the PEDOT film in a specific geometrically electrode pattern with convenient control over the thickness and morphology through the process parameters, such as applied deposition methods, solvents, and counterions. 23,24 Additionally, this method can also create a strong adhesion between the PEDOT film and the substrate. 25,26 Although many electropolymerized PEDOT electrodes have been utilized in supercapacitors, [27][28][29] their specific capacitance and cycling stability remain a major issue, and to the best of our knowledge, there is limited evidence on the native PEDOT electrode being able to achieve specific capacitance retention of 80%-90% over thousands of charge-discharge cycles unless combined with other nanomaterials and nanocomposites, which require extra materials and processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxymethyl PEDOT microstructure-based electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors

et al. 2022

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The development of conducting polymer-based supercapacitors offers remarkable advantages, such as good ionic and electronic conductivity, ease of synthesis, low processing cost, and mechanical flexibility. 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) is a conducting polymer with robust chemical and environmental stability during storage and operation in an aqueous environment. Yet, improving its electrochemical capacitance and cycle life remains a challenge for high-performance supercapacitors exceeding the current state-of-the-art. The fabrication of PEDOT composites with carbon nanomaterials and metal oxides is the commonly used approach to enhance capacitance and stability. This work discusses a comparative study to fabricate highly stable PEDOT derivative electrodes with remarkable specific capacitance via a straightforward electrochemical polymerization technique. The hydroxymethyl PEDOT (PEDOTOH) doped with perchlorate in a dichloromethane (DCM) solvent (197 F g−1) exhibits superior performance compared to the polymer formed in an aqueous solution (124 F g−1). Furthermore, the electropolymerized PEDOTOH on flexible Au/Kapton substrates was assembled into a free-standing symmetrical supercapacitor in an agarose additive-free gel. The use of agarose gel electrolytes can offer easy handling, no leakage, moderate ionic conductivity, and flexibility for miniaturization and integration. The supercapacitor reached a specific capacitance of 36.96 F g−1 at a current density of 13.7 A g−1, an energy density of 14.96 Wh kg−1, and a power density of 22.2 kW kg−1 among the highest values reported for PEDOT-based supercapacitors. The self-standing supercapacitor achieves an industry-par capacitance retention of ∼98% after 10000 charge/discharge cycles at 10 A g−1. This study provides insights into the effect of solvents and electropolymerization modes on the polymer structure and its electrochemical properties toward high-performance supercapacitor devices.

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“…15 Much work has already been done to procure solutions to these issues; thus far mostly focusing on refining deposition method, or incorporating a variety of comonomers, dopants or additives. [16][17][18][19] Another approach to improving the properties of PEDOT is by covalent modification 20,21 ; as mentioned above, it is well known that small alterations to chemical structure can impact greatly on many properties of conjugated polymers, from solution processability, to improved charge carrier mobility, to tailored optical properties. Examples of covalently modified PEDOTs are comparatively few compared to composites, due to known difficulties with the synthetic modification of EDOT.…”

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confidence: 99%

Controlling morphology, adhesion, and electrochromic behavior of PEDOT films through molecular design and processing

Kousseff

Taifakou

Neal

et al. 2021

Journal of Polymer Science

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Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is a well-known semiconducting polymer with favorable properties which find it often applied as the active material in biological sensors and electrochromic devices. However, PEDOT has several drawbacks which can prohibit its effective or long-term use, including weak adhesion to substrates such as ITO-coated glass, poorly controlled surface morphology, and reduced electrochemical stability over time. While a diverse range of approaches have been explored to overcome these issues, most involve additives or substrate modification, while solutions based on direct covalent adaptation are relatively lacking. We present a novel polymer based on covalently modified EDOT (PEDOT-Crown), featuring polar motifs and a 15-crown-5 moiety. Compared to PEDOT, PEDOT-Crown demonstrates a wealth of advantageous properties including: superior adhesion to ITO under physical and electrochemical duress; a more uniform surface morphology; and electrochemical properties including a higher contrast ratio, red-shifted polaron and bipolaron absorption features, bleaching of the neutral absorption band across a narrower voltage range, and more Faradaic rather than capacitive behavior. Additionally, we note that in the presence of Na + , PEDOT-Crown appears to show modified behavior in long-term electrochemical experiments. These features make PEDOT-Crown a material with improved suitability for application in biological sensing and electrochromic devices, compared to PEDOT.

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Benchmarking the Performance of Electropolymerized Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrodes for Neural Interfacing

Cited by 15 publications

References 69 publications

Performance of PEDOTOH/PEO‐based Supercapacitors in Agarose Gel Electrolyte

Performance of PEDOTOH/PEO‐based Supercapacitors in Agarose Gel Electrolyte

Hydroxymethyl PEDOT microstructure-based electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors

Controlling morphology, adhesion, and electrochromic behavior of PEDOT films through molecular design and processing

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