“…Proposed solution methodologies range from decomposition-based methods, such as Lagrangian relaxation (Aykin 1994, Pirkul and Schilling 1998, Elhedhli and Hu 2005, branch-and-price (Contreras et al 2011c), and Benders decomposition (de Camargo et al 2009a, Contreras et al 2011a, Ghaffarinasab and Kara 2019 to heuristics, such as genetic algorithms (Topcuoglu et al 2005), tabu search, greedy randomized adapted search procedure (GRASP) (Klincewicz 1992, Mayer andWagner 2002), Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) (Ilić et al 2010), and Euclidean projection (Meier and Clausen 2017). On the application side, HLPs have been introduced in the context of airline transportation (O'Kelly 1987, Martin andRomán 2004), postal delivery (Ernst and Krishnamoorthy 1996), and telecommunication (Klincewicz 1998).…”