Bending and On-Arm Effects on a Wearable Antenna for 2.45 GHz Body Area Network

Hu, Bin; Gao, Guoping; He, Lele; Cong, Xiaodong; Zhao, Jin-Ning

doi:10.1109/lawp.2015.2446512

Cited by 143 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A three-layer human body model was employed, consisting of skin, fat, and muscle tissue layers. The thickness and electromagnetic properties of the layers considered in the body model [14] are tabulated in Table 1. The electromagnetic parameters of the tissues were assumed as in [15] at frequency 2.45 GHz.…”

Section: Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Planar Antenna on Multilayer Rubber Composite for Wearable Devices

Al‐Sehemi¹,

Al-Ghamdi²,

Dishovsky³

et al. 2017

PIER C

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Abstract-This paper presents the design of a flexible antenna using planar dipole with a reflector to achieve optimal radiation efficiency and low specific absorption rate (SAR) when the antenna is placed directly over the skin of body model. The antenna is designed for the 2.45 GHz frequency band. The parametric analysis of the proposed antenna is carried out. The proposed antenna achieves stable onbody performance: |S 11 | varies from −16.05 dB (on skin) at 2.47 GHz resonant frequency to −16.40 dB (in free space) at 2.44 GHz resonant frequency. It was found that the maximum 1 g average SAR value is only 0.23 W/kg for an input power of 100 mW when the antenna is placed directly over the skin of a three-layer body model, and radiation efficiency is 20.5%. The measured results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed antenna.

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Section: Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Planar Antenna on Multilayer Rubber Composite for Wearable Devices

Al‐Sehemi¹,

Al-Ghamdi²,

Dishovsky³

et al. 2017

PIER C

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“…Speaking of the stable antenna structure against bending, the planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) is a robust alternative that is verified in References . Reference introduces an F‐shaped patch antenna as well as two PIFAs transformed from the patch antenna. The proposed antennas are measured under conditions including bending in different radius, on arm with clothes and on arm without clothes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flexible EBG‐backed PIFA based on conductive textile and PDMS for wearable applications

Gao

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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A wearable planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) fed by the coplanar waveguide (CPW) and backed with an optimized electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is presented. The antenna is made of conductive textile and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which is a conformal and robust solution to wearable applications. The EBG unit cell is miniaturized according to the equivalent circuit model, and the cross‐polarization is suppressed due to its approximate 180° reflection phase in the orthogonal direction. The measured impedance bandwidth ranges from 2.30 to 2.65 GHz, which covers the 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band. The antenna keeps a high gain and efficiency above 70% under different conditions including being flat, bent, and close to the human body. The maximum SAR value is limited to 0.612 and 0.330 W/kg under 1 and 10 g standard, respectively. Therefore, the antenna is a promising candidate for wearable applications in various domains.

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“…This paper proposes a polyamide substrate-based fourelement MIMO antenna that can be embedded in the plastic watchstrap of a smartwatch device for use in 5.2-5.84 GHz wireless applications. The polyamide substrate of the antenna is suitable for use in soft electronics, is built on a flexible substrate film, and is light, flexible, low cost, and robust [9][10][11][12]. The biggest advantage of soft electronics is their ability to bend because curved features enable devices to fit the human body closely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watchstrap-Embedded Four-Element Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output Antenna Design for a Smartwatch in 5.2–5.8 GHz Wireless Applications

Sun

2018

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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This paper presents a compact four-element multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design operating within the WiFi 802.11 ac bands (5.2-5.84 GHz) for a smartwatch. The antenna is fabricated using a polyamide substrate and embedded into the strap of a smartwatch model; the strap is created using three-dimensional etching of plastic materials. The four-element MIMO antenna is formed by four monopole antennas, has a simple structure, and is connected to the system ground plane of the smartwatch. Due to the stub and notched block between two antennas and the slit in the system ground, the four-element MIMO antenna exhibits favorable isolation. Moreover, the envelope correlation coefficient of the antennas is considerably lower than 0.005 in the operating band. The measured −6 dB impedance bandwidths of the four elements of the antenna (Ant1-Ant4) with the human wrist encompass the WiFi 802.11 ac range of 5.2-5.84 GHz; moreover, an isolation of more than 20 dB is achieved. The measured antenna efficiency with and without a phantom hand are 45%-55% and 93%-97%, respectively.

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Bending and On-Arm Effects on a Wearable Antenna for 2.45 GHz Body Area Network

Cited by 143 publications

References 12 publications

A Flexible Planar Antenna on Multilayer Rubber Composite for Wearable Devices

A Flexible Planar Antenna on Multilayer Rubber Composite for Wearable Devices

Flexible EBG‐backed PIFA based on conductive textile and PDMS for wearable applications

Watchstrap-Embedded Four-Element Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output Antenna Design for a Smartwatch in 5.2–5.8 GHz Wireless Applications

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