Bending of Polyelectrolyte Membrane–Platinum Composites by Electric Stimuli I. Response Characteristics to Various Waveforms

Asaka, Kinji; Oguro, Keisuke; Nishimura, Yasuo; Mizuhata, Minoru; Takenaka, Hiroyasu

doi:10.1295/polymj.27.436

Cited by 240 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…2-5 On the other hand, ionic EAP actuators such as ionic polymer gels (IPGs), 6,7 ionomeric polymer-metal composites (IPMCs), 8,9 and conducting polymers (CPs) 10-13 can be operational under much milder conditions: pH change, temperature control, or low drive voltage (1-2 V), and thus suitable for portable, mobile, small, and simple actuator devices as artificial muscles; for instance, robots, powered suits, artificial limbs, medical devices, and replacement of conventional electric motors. When actuator devices are designed by using EAP materials, only CP actuators are realistic choice because of their large stress generated electrically, 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than that of IPGs and IPMCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 Dielectric EAPs having low elastic stiffness and high dielectric constant actuate massively in an electrostatic field, and the higher electrostatic field induces larger force and strain of dielectric EAP. The disadvantage of the electronic EAP actuators is, without any doubt, their very high drive voltage of 1000-5000 V. [2][3][4][5] On the other hand, ionic EAP actuators such as ionic polymer gels (IPGs), 6,7 ionomeric polymer-metal composites (IPMCs), 8,9 and conducting polymers (CPs) [10][11][12][13] can be operational under much milder conditions: pH change, temperature control, or low drive voltage (1-2 V), and thus suitable for portable, mobile, small, and simple actuator devices as artificial muscles; for instance, robots, powered suits, artificial limbs, medical devices, and replacement of conventional electric motors. When actuator devices are designed by using EAP materials, only CP actuators are realistic choice because of their large stress generated electrically, 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than that of IPGs and IPMCs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Artificial Muscles Based on Polypyrrole Actuators with Large Strain and Stress Induced Electrically

Hara¹,

Zama

Takashima

et al. 2004

Polym J

168

120

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ABSTRACT:Conducting polymer actuators have been attracting researchers and engineers who need powerful and light actuators because of their electrically induced stress (3-5 MPa), 10 times larger than that (0.35 MPa) of vertebrate muscle fibres. The moderate electrically generated strain (1-3 %) has however been restricting their applications to robots, for instance, and therefore relatively huge and heavy electric motors have been inevitably used in the robotic industry. A polypyrrole (PPy) film, which was prepared electrochemically from methyl benzoate solution of tetra-n-butylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBABF 4 ) on Ti electrode, exhibited 12.4 % strain and 22 MPa stress generated electrochemically in NaPF 6 aqueous solution. The large electrochemical strain and stress of BF 4 À -doped PPy should meet applications of artificial muscles particularly where strong force is required. These novel conducting polymer actuators could dramatically alter any technologies concerning movements. Besides fundamental properties of the PPy actuators, some newly-devised configurations of the actuators for practical use are important. In order to fabricate actuator devices particularly where multiple layers of PPy films were required to increase force, flexible and tough CF 3 SO 3 À -doped PPy films were more suitable than BF 4 À -doped PPy. KEY WORDSConducting Polymer Actuator / Electroactive Polymer / Artificial Muscle / Polypyrrole / Electrochemomechanical Deformation / Electrochemical Strain / Electrochemical Stress / Electroactive polymer (EAP) actuators are roughly divided into two categories based on their activation mechanism: electronic and ionic.1,2 Of electronic EAP actuators driven by electric field, electroelastomers or dielectric elastomers with up to 380 % strain developed by SRI International have attracted those who need powerful and speedy actuaors.3,4 Dielectric EAPs having low elastic stiffness and high dielectric constant actuate massively in an electrostatic field, and the higher electrostatic field induces larger force and strain of dielectric EAP. The disadvantage of the electronic EAP actuators is, without any doubt, their very high drive voltage of 1000-5000 V.2-5 On the other hand, ionic EAP actuators such as ionic polymer gels (IPGs), 6,7 ionomeric polymer-metal composites (IPMCs), 8,9 and conducting polymers (CPs) 10-13 can be operational under much milder conditions: pH change, temperature control, or low drive voltage (1-2 V), and thus suitable for portable, mobile, small, and simple actuator devices as artificial muscles; for instance, robots, powered suits, artificial limbs, medical devices, and replacement of conventional electric motors. When actuator devices are designed by using EAP materials, only CP actuators are realistic choice because of their large stress generated electrically, 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than that of IPGs and IPMCs. The moderate strain (1-3 %) of CP actuators has however been disappointing those who are in need of artificial muscles. Once the electrochemical strai...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Muscles Based on Polypyrrole Actuators with Large Strain and Stress Induced Electrically

Hara¹,

Zama

Takashima

et al. 2004

Polym J

168

120

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“…Theories proposed by Asaka et al (4), (5) have included electro kinetic effects, interfacial effects, polymer elastic force and volume flow coupled with current. However, we conclude that the opposite transformation is caused not only by the mechanisms in the above-mentioned theories but also by the ionic permselectivity as it breaks the ion-exchange membrane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Behavior and Drive Principle of Ion-Conductive Polymer Nafion-Based Film Actuator

Sugasawa

Ohba

2011

JAMDSM

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We have developed a polymer actuator that has rapid displacement response under the applied voltage. The differences in size and velocity between cations and anions play a major role in the bending mechanism of the actuator. We have predicted the dynamic behavior of an ion-conductive polymer film actuator that uses carbon electrodes. We have also clarified the bending mechanism of an ion-conductive polymer actuator that uses carbon electrodes and includes a bending back motion.

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“…30,34,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43] In an IPMC, the amount of particles and the interfacial area increase with the thickness of the electrode, so it is necessary to increase the number of Pt electroless plating steps during the manufacture procedure to obtain a device with better performances. This can be realized by adsorption/reduction steps performed sequentially, up to five to seven times.…”

Section: Sequential Cycling Of Adsorption/reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most used methods to form metallic electrodes onto ionic polymer membranes are based on an ion exchange process and subsequent chemical reduction. 5,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Electrodes are generally…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic electroactive polymer metal composites: Fabricating, modeling, and applications of postsilicon smart devices

Luca

Digiamberardino

Pasquale

et al. 2013

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Smart systems adapt to the surrounding environments in a number of ways. They are capable to scavenge energy from available sources, sense and elaborate external stimuli and adequately react. Electro Active Polymers are playing a main role in the realization of smart systems for applications if fields such as bio inspired and autonomous robotics, medicine, and aerospace. This paper focus on the possibility to use Ionic Polymer Metal Composites as a class of materials relevant to the realization of post silicon smart systems. The three main aspects of this new technology, i.e., fabrication methods, modeling, and applications are described with emphasis to most recent results. Attention is given to main challenges and shortcomings to be solved for technology, modelling, and control of IPMC based devices that need to be solved before this new technology can be fully exploited in real world applications.

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Bending of Polyelectrolyte Membrane–Platinum Composites by Electric Stimuli I. Response Characteristics to Various Waveforms

Cited by 240 publications

References 4 publications

Artificial Muscles Based on Polypyrrole Actuators with Large Strain and Stress Induced Electrically

Artificial Muscles Based on Polypyrrole Actuators with Large Strain and Stress Induced Electrically

Ion Behavior and Drive Principle of Ion-Conductive Polymer Nafion-Based Film Actuator

Ionic electroactive polymer metal composites: Fabricating, modeling, and applications of postsilicon smart devices

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