Bending performance of nail laminated timber: Experimental, analytical and numerical analyses

Li, Zheng; Feng, Wei; He, Minjuan; Chen, Fei; Sun, Xiuting

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131766

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This observation is consistent with our panel configuration, where lamellas of different properties were used. It is interesting to note that a similar failure pattern for nail laminated timber under bending was reported by Li et al [36].…”

Section: Analytical Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Experimental Investigation on Dowel Laminated Timber Made of Uruguayan Fast-Grown Species

Bruzzone,

Godoy,

Quagliotti

et al. 2023

Forests

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This study aims to evaluate the structural behaviour of dowel laminated timber (DLT) made of fast-growing pine and eucalyptus lamellae and different dowel diameters. Shear tests on dowelled connections and four-point bending tests on structural size panels were performed, and the slip modulus and bending properties, respectively, were obtained. The bending stiffness and strength of pine panels fastened with guatambú (5.05 and 20.05 kN/mm2) or eucalyptus dowels (5.29 and 17.13 kN/mm2), suggesting that dowel species had no influence on the panel’s bending properties. The analysis of the bending stiffness and strength of eucalyptus panels fastened with 18 mm (11.04 and 44.29 kN/mm2) or with 15 mm dowel diameter (11.06 and 51.50 kN/mm2) indicated that dowel diameter had no substantial influence on the bending properties. Furthermore, the stiffness values of the panels were similar to those of their constitutive individual lamellas, which, in turn, did not comply with the structural requirements of the Uruguayan Standard. Additional analytical results of the effective stiffness using the slip modulus were close to those found in the experimental bending tests. The results from this study are useful in understanding the mechanical behaviour of DLT panels and provide the basis for the improvement of Uruguayan mass timber products.

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Section: Analytical Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Experimental Investigation on Dowel Laminated Timber Made of Uruguayan Fast-Grown Species

Bruzzone,

Godoy,

Quagliotti

et al. 2023

Forests

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“…Analyzing the values of the failure loads and consequent failure stresses obtained for the two panels in the two failure criteria presented by Li, Z. et al (2023) for this type of structural component, as shown in Table 7, we can conclude that the two panels began to rupture at the same stress (σrup,1 of 477.2MPa and 476.3MPa for the NLT and DLT, respectively), but the NLT panel bore more load than the DLT panel, until its total rupture (σrup,2 of 614.1MPa for the NLT against 569.0MPa for the DLT), reinforcing the hypothesis of a better redistribution of stresses by the nailed connections.…”

Section: Fig 8 Force X Displacement Graph Of the Distributed Loading ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the manufacturing process for these panels is simplified and does not require the pre-processing of the lamellae, which is one of the main processes in the manufacture of other engineered wood products, such as MLCC panels. This process is also facilitated using basic manufacturing tools (clamps, pneumatic guns, and hammers) and by the fact that it does not require skilled labor (Li et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Nailed and Doweled Connections for Use in Structural Panels

Minari,

Pereira,

Junior

2024

Preprint

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Since wood is an ecologically more efficient material than steel or concrete, as it requires less energy to process and sequesters carbon, it has been increasingly studied for the incorporation of structural panels on the world market. Unfortunately, Brazilian culture is a major barrier to overcoming when it comes to building with alternative materials. Against this backdrop, the main objective of this project is to study structural panels made of Nail Laminated Timber (NLT) and Dowel Laminated Timber (DLT) based on the experimental analysis of panels produced in the laboratory. These types of panels are highly efficient for use as floors and slabs. They are also glue-free wood panels and, in the case of DLT, panels that have no other material in their composition apart from the wood itself.

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“…With regard to a general assessing method, however, Gubana's conclusion recalled that diverse studies comprise divergent prerequisites, specimens and boundary conditions, posing a challenge for determining a convergent method for estimating composite elements' in-plane behaviour. Li et al applied simple methods to laminate flooring components using nails [8]. The research group investigated the failure modes and bending stiffness of the floors by four-point bending tests.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang et al evaluated the lateral behaviour of a non-glued timber wall by full-scale testing [9]. Like the flooring specimens of Li et al, i.e., in [8], Zhang et al applied nails to laminate a series of wooden planks to build the massive timber wall. The testing demonstrated that nail-laminated timber (NLT) walls demonstrate significant ductility against lateral force.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bending Behaviour and Failure Modes of Non-Glue-Laminated Timber Beams Composed of Wooden Dowels and Self-Tapping Screws

Yeh,

Yeh

2024

Buildings

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The purpose of this research is to compare the bending behaviour of non-glue-laminated timber beams and glulams by full-scale four-point bending tests. The focus is on the non-glue beams laminated by different materials or techniques and then to determine their bending stiffness and failure modes. The laminating efficiency of various materials or techniques is underlined. The manufacturing process concerning non-glue-laminated timber beams has to be determined. As structural elements with large dimensions, such components require adaptable laminating and producing techniques. While the beams composed of wooden dowels refer to the dowel-laminated timber (DLT), those made of self-tapping screws (STSs) can be simply related to nail-laminated timber (NLT) products. Then, a full-scale four-point bending test was carried out to appraise 26 laminated beams, including non-glue- and glue-laminated timber. The results of the test demonstrated that the material, the spacing and the angle of the transversal fasteners significantly influence bending behaviour. The bending stiffness of the beams laminated by STSs was about 7.86% higher than the value of the beams with wooden dowels, although the tendency of each pair of beams did not remain convergent. Reducing the interval of the fasteners can considerably increase the bending stiffness of the beams. Fasteners inserted at 45 degrees, or in a so-called V-type pattern, contribute to improving bending stiffness, and both wooden dowels and STSs reveal the same tendency. At this angle, STSs demonstrate better laminating efficiency than wooden dowels. The STS beams’ bending stiffness was about 48.6% of that determined for glulams. On the contrary, in beams with 135-degree fasteners, or, namely, an A-type pattern, inserted fasteners possessed lower bending stiffness than in those with 90-degree fasteners. In addition to the considerable bending stiffness, the STS beams revealed a stable response as far as their load-deflection curves were concerned. A comparison of experimental and theoretical results contributes to verifying the feasibility as well as the weakness of two analytic methods. The predicting capacity of the associated equations needs to be improved, particularly for the withdrawal resistance and connecting effect of inclined STSs.

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Bending performance of nail laminated timber: Experimental, analytical and numerical analyses

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Experimental Investigation on Dowel Laminated Timber Made of Uruguayan Fast-Grown Species

Experimental Investigation on Dowel Laminated Timber Made of Uruguayan Fast-Grown Species

Study of Nailed and Doweled Connections for Use in Structural Panels

Bending Behaviour and Failure Modes of Non-Glue-Laminated Timber Beams Composed of Wooden Dowels and Self-Tapping Screws

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