Bending Under Tension Test with Direct Friction Measurement

Andreasen, Jan Lasson; Olsson, David; Chodnikiewicz, K.; Bay, Niels

doi:10.1243/095440505x32913

Cited by 53 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, Andreasen et al 58 took into account the average friction stress τ and the normal pressure p acting on the contact area between the strip and the die. These values can be calculated as follows:…”

Section: Bending Under Tensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protic Ionic Liquids Used as Metal-Forming Green Lubricants for Aluminum: Effect of Anion Chain Length

et al. 2017

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Among the applications for protic ionic liquids (PILs), lubrication is one of the newest and the most promising. In this work, ammonium-based protic ionic liquids were tested as lubricant fluids for aluminum-steel contacts. PILs were synthesized with 2-hydroxyethylamine (2HEA) and a carboxylic acid (formic and pentanoic), aiming to understand the effect of two different anion chain lengths on the lubricant behavior. The synthesized PILs were characterized by RMN, FTIR and TGA. Wear tests, conducted using a ball-on-plate configuration, showed that the increase of the anion carbon chain length in the PIL structure reduced significantly the coefficient of friction value. Besides, after the wear tests, the PILs structural integrity was not affected. In the same way, bending under tension (BUT) tests evidenced that the performance for stamping conditions of the PIL with the longest anion carbon chain was similar to that of the commercial lubricant. Since, both formed a uniform tribofilm, developed the same lubrication regime and the drawing forces values were close and constant. Hence, the ionic liquid obtained with 2HEA and pentanoic acid (2HEAPe) is as suitable as the commercial lubricant for metal forming processes.

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Section: Bending Under Tensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protic Ionic Liquids Used as Metal-Forming Green Lubricants for Aluminum: Effect of Anion Chain Length

et al. 2017

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“…In this connection a system of test methods representing the varied conditions in sheet metal forming have been developed including simulative tests: Bending-Under-Tension (BUT) [3], Draw-Bead-Test (DBT) [160], Strip-Reduction-Test (SRT) [1,2] as well as process tests: Deep-Drawing-Test (DDT) [2,161] and PUnching-Test (PUT), [158,159]. In order to emulate real production conditions, preheating of the tool temperature to typical production level is possible in all the simulative tests.…”

Section: Alternatives To Dry Film Lubricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally benign tribo-systems for metal forming

et al. 2010

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The growing awareness of environmental issues and the requirements to establish solutions diminishing the impact on working environment as well as external environment has initiated ever increasing efforts to develop new, environmentally benign tribological systems for metal forming. The present paper gives an overview of these efforts substituting environmentally hazardous lubricants in cold, warm and hot forging as well as sheet forming and punching/blanking by new, less harmful lubricants and furthermore describes other more generic measures directed towards the same goal such as development of anti-seizure tool materials and coatings and application of structured workpiece and tool surfaces.

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“…Interestingly, the deceleration of ram speed towards the end of the stroke that occurs in the conducted experiments supports the conclusion that punch force signatures can detect lubrication mechanism change. Andreasen et al [13] found that lower sliding speeds in Bending Under Tension tests led to significant friction stresses and lubrication film breakdown, so an increase in punch force should be expected as the ram speed decreases. Such an increase in the punch force signatures is only observed for the fluid lubrication trials, suggesting that lubrication film breakdown is occurring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using stamping punch force variation for the identification of changes in lubrication and wear mechanism

Voss

Pereira

Rolfe

et al. 2017

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. The growth in use of Advanced High Strength Steels in the automotive industry for light-weighting and safety has increased the rates of tool wear in sheet metal stamping. This is an issue that adds significant costs to production in terms of manual inspection and part refinishing. To reduce these costs, a tool condition monitoring system is required and a firm understanding of process signal variation must form the foundation for any such monitoring system. Punch force is a stamping process signal that is widely collected by industrial presses and has been linked closely to part quality and tool condition, making it an ideal candidate as a tool condition monitoring signal. In this preliminary investigation, the variation of punch force due to different lubrication conditions and progressive wear are examined. Linking specific punch force signature changes to developing lubrication and wear events is valuable for die wear and stamping condition monitoring. A series of semi-industrial channel forming trials were conducted under different lubrication regimes and progressive die wear. Punch force signatures were captured for each part and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the key Principal Components of the signature data sets. These Principal Components were linked to the evolution of friction conditions over the course of the stroke for the different lubrication regimes and mechanism of galling wear. As a result, variation in punch force signatures were correlated to the current mechanism of wear dominant on the formed part; either abrasion or adhesion, and to changes in lubrication mechanism. The outcomes of this study provide important insights into punch force signature variation, that will provide a foundation for future work into the development of die wear and lubrication monitoring systems for sheet metal stamping.

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Bending Under Tension Test with Direct Friction Measurement

Cited by 53 publications

References 1 publication

Protic Ionic Liquids Used as Metal-Forming Green Lubricants for Aluminum: Effect of Anion Chain Length

Protic Ionic Liquids Used as Metal-Forming Green Lubricants for Aluminum: Effect of Anion Chain Length

Environmentally benign tribo-systems for metal forming

Using stamping punch force variation for the identification of changes in lubrication and wear mechanism

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