Benefaction of probiotics for human health: A review

Abstract

Humans are a unique reservoir of heterogeneous and vivacious group of microbes, which together forms the human-microbiome superorganism. Human gut serves as a home to over 100-1000 microbial species, which primarily modulate the host internal environment and thereby, play a major role in host health. This spectacular symbiotic relationship has attracted extensive research in this field. More specifically, these organisms play key roles in defense function, eupepsia along with catabolism and anabolism, and impact brain-gut responses. The emergence of microbiota with resistance and tolerance to existing conventional drugs and antibiotics has decreased the drug efficacies. Furthermore, the modern biotechnology mediated nano-encapsulated multiplex supplements appear to be high cost and inconvenient. Henceforth, a simple, low-cost, receptive and intrinsic approach to achieve health benefits is vital in the present era. Supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics has shown promising results against various enteric pathogens due to their unique ability to compete with pathogenic microbiota for adhesion sites, to alienate pathogens or to stimulate, modulate and regulate the host's immune response by initiating the activation of specific genes in and outside the host intestinal tract. Probiotics have also been shown to regulate fat storage and stimulate intestinal angiogenesis. Hence, this study aims to underline the possible beneficial impact of probiotics for human health and medical sectors and for better lifestyle.

Biocatalytic Synthesis of Natural Dihydrocoumarin by Microbial Reduction of Coumarin

“…Since we were interested in developing a reliable process for the production of a natural flavour to be used in food, we limited our study to microorganisms belonging to biosafety level 1, with a strong preference with those recognized with technological beneficial use in foods [27]. Accordingly, we preferentially chose microbial species that are currently used as probiotics [28] or for food and flavour processing [29]. We selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Type II, from Aldrich), Saccharomyces boulardii (probiotic strain), Komagataella pastoris, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Debaryomyces hansenii and Kluyveromyces marxianus because these yeasts possess the GRAS status and have been already used as whole-cell biocatalysts in a number of studies [30][31][32][33].…”

The Fatty-Acid Hydratase Activity of the Most Common Probiotic Microorganisms

“…Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms intended to provide health benefits when administered in adequate amount, generally by improving or restoring the gut flora. Being regarded as beneficial for human health, they are included in the list of the GRAS microorganisms (Generally Recognized As Safe) and have gained increasing scientific and industrial relevance during the last few decades [1,2]. The growth of the probiotics market has fostered the biochemical studies of these species, especially those regarding the microorganism-human being interaction.…”

Health promoting activities of probiotics

“…In vitro screening evaluation of selective strains is the first step to assess the safety and properties, such as the bile acid tolerance, resistance to antibiotics, production of enzymes, microbial adhesion to mucus or/and intestinal epithelial cells, and production of antimicrobial molecules and vitamins (Yadav, Kumar, Baweja, & Shukla, 2018). According to previous studies, natural probiotics were mainly from fermented milk, fruits, and pickles in our daily life (Kerry et al, 2018;Panghal et al, 2018). Due to the presence of various dietary fibers, fruits are suitable for accumulation of probiotics (Panghal et al, 2017).…”