Beneficial cardiovascular effects of reducing exposure to particulate air pollution with a simple facemask

Langrish, Jeremy P.; Mills, Nicholas L; Chan, Julian K K; Leseman, Daan; Aitken, Robert J.; Fokkens, Paul; Cassee, Flemming R.; Li, Jing; Donaldson, Kenneth; Newby, David E.; Jiang, Lixin

doi:10.1186/1743-8977-6-8

Cited by 201 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the clinical setting, the removal of very high particle numbers by filters prevented the otherwise occurring arterial stiffness and increases of blood clotting (Bräuner et al, 2008). Similar observations were made in health subjects and patients with coronary heart disease that were wearing a very simple, yet highly efficient face mask while walking in highly polluted areas in Beijing, China (Langrish et al, 2009). Observations in healthy young volunteers exposed to pure elemental carbon particles implied that heart function was not affected by these controlled exposures.…”

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…A few recently published clinical studies support pre-2005 studies that suggested increasing evidence for ultrafine particles in eliciting health effects during and after 2-hour exposure periods Langrish et al, 2009;Mills et al, 2011). However, most studies were performed with a mixture of particles and gases, which do not allow statements to be made about the contributions of ultrafine particles.…”

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rapid assessment of the impact of hazard reduction burning around Sydney, May 2016

Broome¹,

Johnston

Horsley

et al. 2016

Medical Journal of Australia

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This document presents answers to 24 questions relevant to reviewing European policies on air pollution and to addressing health aspects of these policies. The answers were developed by a large group of scientists engaged in the WHO project "Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution -REVIHAAP". The experts reviewed and discussed the newly accumulated scientific evidence on the adverse effects on health of air pollution, formulating science-based answers to the 24 questions. Extensive rationales for the answers, including the list of key references, are provided. The review concludes that a considerable amount of new scientific information on the adverse effects on health of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide, observed at levels commonly present in Europe, has been published in recent years. This new evidence supports the scientific conclusions of the WHO air quality guidelines, last updated in 2005, and indicates that the effects in some cases occur at air pollution concentrations lower than those serving to establish these guidelines. It also provides scientific arguments for taking decisive actions to improve air quality and reduce the burden of disease associated with air pollution in Europe.This publication arises from the project REVIHAAP and has been co-funded by the European Union. Keywords AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION -ADVERSE EFFECTS ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE GUIDELINES HEALTH POLICYAddress requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe Scherfigsvej 8 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2013All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate borderlines for which there may not yet be full agreement.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. ...

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Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid assessment of the impact of hazard reduction burning around Sydney, May 2016

Broome¹,

Johnston

Horsley

et al. 2016

Medical Journal of Australia

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“…Interestingly, it was recently reported in a crossover study of 15 healthy individuals that systolic BP was significantly lower (114 versus 121 mm Hg) during a 2-hour walk in Beijing, China, while the subjects were wearing a high-efficiency particulate-filter facemask than when they were not protected. 191 Wearing the facemask was also associated with increased HRV, which suggests that the rapid BP-raising effects of particle inhalation may be mediated through the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In a similar fashion, 192 reducing exposure to particulate pollution from cooking stoves was shown to be associated with lower systolic (3.7 mm Hg, 95% CI Ϫ8.1 to 0.6 mm Hg) and diastolic (3.0 mm Hg, 95% CI Ϫ5.7 to Ϫ0.4 mm Hg) BP among Guatemalan women than among control subjects after an average of 293 days.…”

Section: Systemic and Pulmonary Arterial Bpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease

Brook¹,

Rajagopalan²,

Pope³

et al. 2010

Circulation

5,443

3,225

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Abstract-In 2004, the first American Heart Association scientific statement on "Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease" concluded that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the interim, numerous studies have expanded our understanding of this association and further elucidated the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved. The main objective of this updated American Heart Association scientific statement is to provide a comprehensive review of the new evidence linking PM exposure with cardiovascular disease, with a specific focus on highlighting the clinical implications for researchers and healthcare providers. The writing group also sought to provide expert consensus opinions on many aspects of the current state of science and updated suggestions for areas of future research. On the basis of the findings of this review, several new conclusions were reached, including the following: Exposure to PM Ͻ2.5 m in diameter (PM 2.5 ) over a few hours to weeks can trigger cardiovascular disease-related mortality and nonfatal events; longer-term exposure (eg, a few years) increases the risk for cardiovascular mortality to an even greater extent than exposures over a few days and reduces life expectancy within more highly exposed segments of the population by several months to a few years; reductions in PM levels are associated with decreases in cardiovascular mortality within a time frame as short as a few years; and many credible pathological mechanisms have been elucidated that lend biological plausibility to these findings. It is the opinion of the writing group that the overall evidence is consistent with a causal relationship between PM 2.5 exposure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This body of evidence has grown and been strengthened substantially since the first American Heart Association scientific statement was published. Finally, PM 2.5 exposure is deemed a modifiable factor that contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. (Circulation. 2010;121:2331-2378.)

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“…(7) However, the protective value of PPE has to be weighed against the physiological and psychological burden it imposes on the user. Respirators have been shown to provide beneficial cardiovascular effects through reducing exposure to particulate air pollution, (8) but they can also have physiological and psychological effects. After one hour of FFR use, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels, temperature and humidity can be significantly elevated in the dead space within the FFR even as oxygen levels are lowered to levels below ambient workplace standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comfort and exertion while using filtering facepiece respirators with exhalation valve and an active venting system among male military personnel

Seng

Wee

Zhao

et al. 2018

smedj

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INTRODUCTIONThis study aimed to determine if disposable filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) that come with an exhalation valve (EV) and a novel active venting system (AVS) provided greater perceived comfort and exertion when compared to standard N95 FFRs without these features among male military personnel performing prolonged essential outdoor duties. METHODSWe used a randomised open-label controlled crossover study design to compare three FFR options: (a) standard FFR; (b) FFR with EV; and (c) FFR with EV+AVS. Male military personnel aged between 18 and 20 years completed a questionnaire at the start of outdoor duty (baseline), after two hours of standardised non-strenuous outdoor duty and after 12 hours of duty divided into two-hour work-rest cycles. Participants rated the degree of discomfort, exertion and symptoms using a five-point Likert scale. The association between outcomes and types of FFR was assessed using a multivariate ordered probit mixed-effects model. RESULTSFor a majority of the symptoms, study participants gave FFR with EV and FFR EV+AVS significantly better scores than standard FFR. Both FFR with EV and FFR with EV+AVS had significantly less discomfort (FFR with EV+AVS: 91.1%; FFR with EV: 57.6%) and exertion (FFR with EV+AVS: 83.5%; FFR with EV: 34.4%) than standard FFR. FFR with EV+AVS also had significantly better scores for exertion (53.4%) and comfort (39.4%) when compared to FFR with EV.CONCLUSION Usage of FFR with EV+AVS resulted in significantly reduced symptoms, discomfort and exertion when compared to FFR with EV and standard FFR.

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Beneficial cardiovascular effects of reducing exposure to particulate air pollution with a simple facemask

Cited by 201 publications

References 40 publications

A rapid assessment of the impact of hazard reduction burning around Sydney, May 2016

A rapid assessment of the impact of hazard reduction burning around Sydney, May 2016

Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease

Comfort and exertion while using filtering facepiece respirators with exhalation valve and an active venting system among male military personnel

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