Beneficial effect of low carbohydrate in low calorie diets on visceral fat reduction in type 2 diabetic patients with obesity

Miyashita, Yoh; Koide, Nobukiyo; Ohtsuka, Masaki; Ozaki, Hiroshi; Itoh, Yoshiaki; Oyama, Tomokazu; Uetake, T.; Ariga, Kiyoko; Shirai, Kohji

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2004.01.008

Cited by 74 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Evidence supports an effect of protein on appetite suppression [6], increased thermogenesis [7], and preservation of lean body mass during weight loss [8]. High-protein diets may also improve glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes [9][10][11][12][13], independent of changes in weight [9], and might even reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes [14]. Although high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets may offer modest short-term metabolic advantages, the long-term efficacy of this dietary approach is poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12 month randomised controlled trial

et al. 2011

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Aims/hypothesis Short-term dietary studies suggest that high-protein diets can enhance weight loss and improve glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes. However, the long-term effects of such diets are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether high-protein diets are superior to high-carbohydrate diets for improving glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods Overweight/obese individuals (BMI 27-40 kg/m 2 ) with type 2 diabetes (HbA 1c 6.5-10%) were recruited for a 12 month, parallel design, dietary intervention trial conducted at a diabetes specialist clinic (Melbourne, VIC, Australia). Of the 108 initially randomised, 99 received advice to follow low-fat (30% total energy) diets that were either high in protein (30% total energy, n=53) or high in carbohydrate (55% total energy, n=46). Dietary assignment was done by a third party using computer-generated random numbers. The primary endpoint was change in HbA 1c . Secondary endpoints included changes in weight, lipids, blood pressure, renal function and calcium loss. Study endpoints were assessed blinded to the diet group, but the statistical analysis was performed unblinded. This study used an intention-to-treat model for all participants who received dietary advice. Follow-up visits were encouraged regardless of dietary adherence and last measurements were carried forward for study non-completers. Results Ninety-nine individuals were included in the analysis (53 in high protein group, 46 in high carbohydrate group). HbA 1c decreased in both groups over time, with no significant difference between groups (mean difference of the change at 12 months; 0.04 [95% CI −0.37, 0.46]; p=0.44). Both groups also demonstrated decreases over time in weight, serum triacylglycerol and total cholesterol, and increases in HDL-cholesterol. No differences in blood pressure, renal function or calcium loss were seen. Conclusions/interpretation These results suggest that there is no superior long-term metabolic benefit of a high-protein diet over a high-carbohydrate in the management of type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12 month randomised controlled trial

et al. 2011

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“…Tables 1 and 2 display the detail of each of the studies (by size of the study) that did report a dietary assessment method. In total 50 studies (20.6%) did not report the dietary assessment method used (Janatuinen et al, 1995;Sacks et al, 1995;Conlin et al, 2000;Fan et al, 2000;Kauwell et al, 2000;Knopp et al, 2000;Vuksan et al, 2000;Gregory et al, 2001;Lietz et al, 2001;Moore et al, 2001;Svetkey et al, 2001;Vollmer et al, 2001;Janatuinen et al, 2002;Pijls et al, 2002;Shankar et al, 2002;Vicennati et al, 2002;Allison et al, 2003, Berg et al, 2003Engstrom et al, 2003;Facchini et al, 2003;Gluck and Gebbers, 2003;Hadley et al, 2003;Hoyt et al, 2003;Khan et al, 2003;Upritchard et al, 2003;Vozzo et al, 2003;Wolfe et al, 2003;Xiao et al, 2003; Writing group of the PREMIER Collaborative Research Group, 2003;Chen et al, 2004;Maubach et al, 2004;McGuire et al, 2004;Miyashita et al, 2004;Parra et al, 2004;Sagara et al, 2004;Westerterp-Plantenga et al, 2004;Davey Smith et al, 2005;Svetkey et al, 200...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it was hypothesized that newer studies would utilize technology for dietary assessment more so than older ones, this was not found to be the case x 2 0.487 (p D 0.485). Writers of the publications also appeared to have assumed that the (Janatuinen et al, 1995, Sacks et al, 1995, Conlin et al, 2000, Fan et al, 2000, Vuksan et al, 2000, Kauwell et al, 2000, Knopp et al, 2000, Gregory et al, 2001, Lietz et al, 2001, Janatuinen et al, 2002, Pijls et al, 2002, Shankar et al, 2002, Vicennati et al, 2002, Vozzo et al, 2003, Khan et al, 2003, Engstrom et al, 2003, Hadley et al, 2003, Xiao et al, 2003, Allison et al, 2003, Wolfe et al, 2003, Berg et al, 2003, Facchini et al, 2003, Gluck and Gebbers, 2003, Hoyt et al, 2003, Writing group of the PREMIER Collaborative Research Group, 2003, Upritchard et al, 2003, Westerterp-Plantenga et al, 2004, Miyashita et al, 2004, Parra et al, 2004, Sagara et al, 2004, Maubach et al, 2004, Chen et al, 2004, Davey Smith et al, 2005, Derouiche et al, 2005, McGuire et al, 2004, Pieterse et al, 2005, Shankar et al, 2005, Lejeune et al, 2005, Benito et al, 2006<...>…”

Section: Predictors For Reporting Of Dietary Assessment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors for Reporting of Dietary Assessment Methods in Food-based Randomized Controlled Trials over a Ten-year Period

Probst

Zammit

2015

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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The importance of monitoring dietary intake within a randomized controlled trial becomes vital to justification of the study outcomes when the study is food-based. A systematic literature review was conducted to determine how dietary assessment methods used to monitor dietary intake are reported and whether assisted technologies are used in conducting such assessments. OVID and ScienceDirect databases 2000-2010 were searched for food-based, parallel, randomized controlled trials conducted with humans using the search terms "clinical trial," "diet$ intervention" AND "diet$ assessment," "diet$ method$," "intake," "diet history," "food record," "food frequency questionnaire," "FFQ," "food diary," "24-hour recall." A total of 1364 abstracts were reviewed and 243 studies identified. The size of the study and country of origin appear to be the two most common predictors of reporting both the dietary assessment method and details of the form of assessment. The journal in which the study is published has no impact. Information technology use may increase in the future allowing other methods and forms of dietary assessment to be used efficiently.

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“…Formula diet is characterized by its macronutrient composition, which has high protein-and low carbohydrate-to-calorie ratios as noted above, while the fat ratio is similar to that of LFD according to recommendations in the guidelines 24) . Several recent studies showed that a low-carbohydrate diet is superior to a high-carbohydrate diet in reducing visceral fat mass 12,25,26) . The latest meta-analysis that focused on calorie restriction studies also demonstrated that a low-carbohydrate diet reduced visceral fat mass more than a high-carbohydrate diet in obese patients with type 2 diabetes 27) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formula Diet is Effective for the Reduction and Differentiation of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Zucker Fatty Rats

Yamaguchi¹,

Miyashita²,

Saiki³

et al. 2012

JAT

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Beneficial effect of low carbohydrate in low calorie diets on visceral fat reduction in type 2 diabetic patients with obesity

Cited by 74 publications

References 19 publications

The effect of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12 month randomised controlled trial

The effect of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a 12 month randomised controlled trial

Predictors for Reporting of Dietary Assessment Methods in Food-based Randomized Controlled Trials over a Ten-year Period

Formula Diet is Effective for the Reduction and Differentiation of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Zucker Fatty Rats

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