Beneficial Effects of Combination Therapy with Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor on Vascular Endothelial Function

Morimoto, Satoshi; Maki, Kei; Aota, Yasuko; Sakuma, Takao; Iwasaka, Toshiji

doi:10.1291/hypres.31.1603

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Hirooka Y et al [73] studied the effect of valsartan and amlodipine in hypertensive subjects and found significant improvement in endothelial function in valsartan group as compared to amlodipine group (p b 0.001). Recent data also indicates improvement in endothelial function especially in hypertensive patients, with combination of ACE inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blockers [74]. These studies indicate potential role of ACE inhibitors and ARB in improving long-term outlook by improving endothelial function in patients with CSX.…”

Section: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Cardiac syndrome X: Current concepts

Singh

Arora

et al. 2010

International Journal of Cardiology

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Section: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Cardiac syndrome X: Current concepts

Singh

Arora

et al. 2010

International Journal of Cardiology

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“…In fact, a systemic inflammatory status induces endothelial dysfunction also in nonhypertensive patients [15], and in addition, circulating levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, may independently predict the development of arterial hypertension [16]. Furthermore, also oxidative stress, a well-known determinant of endothelial dysfunction, plays a role in pathogenesis of hypertension through a vicious cycle involving inflammation [17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Correlation Between Arterial Hypertension and Endothelial Function

Cortese¹

2016

Arch Clin Hypertens

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001arterial bed, as shown by a study performed in hypertensive patients in which abnormal brachial artery FMD was correlated with in vitro maximal response to acetylcholine in subcutaneous small resistance arteries and, on the other hand, FMD was independently related to the impaired small artery vasodilation [7]. Moreover brachial artery FMD correlates with the severity of hypertension: patients with uncontrolled resistant hypertension have, in fact, a greater impairment in endothelial function compared to controlled resistant hypertension ones, and this result is related to non-dipping BP pattern [8]. Furthermore, a study performed in treated hypertensive subjects showed that nocturnal systolic and diastolic BP mainly affected FMD of the brachial artery rather than insulin sensitivity [9].Lower brachial artery FMD was also related to increased risk of CV events during a 95 months-follow-up in 172 uncomplicated hypertensive patients [10].Endothelial dysfunction associated to arterial hypertension shows, however, of being a reversible alteration: six months of antihypertensive therapy improve brachial artery FMD in postmenopausal women and reduce CV events during a mean followup of 67 months compared to women in which FMD did not change during treatment [11]. Among the antihypertensive drugs nebivolol ameliorates vasodilatory response to acetylcholine [12], while reninangiotensin system blockers [13] and combination of perindopril/ indapamide [14] FMD values in hypertensive subjects.Inflammation appears to underlie the link between high blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction. In fact, a systemic inflammatory status induces endothelial dysfunction also in nonhypertensive patients [15], and in addition, circulating levels of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, may independently predict the development of arterial hypertension [16]. Furthermore, also oxidative stress, a well-known determinant of endothelial dysfunction, plays a role in pathogenesis of hypertension through a vicious cycle involving inflammation [17].The severity of endothelial dysfunction is correlated with serum levels of inflammation markers and antioxidant substances also in relatively young subjects affected by essential hypertension [18]. Moreover, in hypertensive patients higher levels of the plasma inflammatory cytokine neopterin are associated with impaired brachial FMD, and, after 3 months of antihypertensive treatment, the decrease in neopterin levels was correlated with the improvement in FMD and the reduction in blood pressure values [19]. As others CV risk factors, hypertension injuries endothelium, EditorialArterial hypertension is defined by a stable increase in systemic arterial blood pressure (BP) values, i.e. systolic value of 140 mmHg or more and/or diastolic one of 90 mmHg or more. Its prevalence is about 30-45% of the general population; representing a well-known cardiovascular (CV) risk factor [1]. In addition to BP values, the assessment of target organ damage has a pivotal role in stratification of total CV risk...

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“…lumen diameter; wall thickness; wall-to-lumen ratio; pilocarpine; L-NAME; endothelial function; papaverine; slit-lamp biomicroscope STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL vascular responses to environmental factors (5, 14), genetic predispositions (1, 19), or pathophysiologic conditions (29) can lead to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, such as stroke (26) and myocardial infarction (35). Conversely, therapeutic interventions can slow down or even reverse such vascular alterations (22,27). Structural and functional vascular responses to pathogenic or therapeutic factors typically develop as a chronic process over several weeks to months (8,20,34,39).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, therapeutic interventions can slow down or even reverse such vascular alterations (22,27). Structural and functional vascular responses to pathogenic or therapeutic factors typically develop as a chronic process over several weeks to months (8,20,34,39).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive assessment of vascular structure and function in conscious rats based on in vivo imaging of the albino iris

Stauss

Rarick²,

Slingluff³

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Experimental techniques allowing longitudinal studies of vascular disease progression or treatment effects are not readily available for most animal models. Thus, most existing studies are destined to either study individual time points or use large cohorts of animals. Here we describe a noninvasive technique for studying vascular disease that is based on in vivo imaging of the long posterior ciliary artery (LPCA) in the iris of albino rats. Using a slit-lamp biomicroscope, images of the LPCA were taken weekly in conscious normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY, n = 10) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, n = 10) for 10 wk. Using imaging software, we found that lumen diameter was significantly smaller and the wall-to-lumen (W/L) ratio larger in SHR than in WKY. Wall thickness was not different. Blood pressure correlated with the W/L ratio. Histology of the abdominal aorta also revealed a smaller lumen diameter and greater W/L ratio in SHR compared with WKY. Corneal application of the muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine elicited a dose-dependent vasodilation of the LPCA that could be antagonized by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase, suggesting that the pilocarpine response is mainly mediated by endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Consistent with endothelial dysfunction in SHR, pilocarpine-induced vasodilation was greater in WKY rats than in SHR. These findings indicate that in vivo imaging of the LPCA allows assessment of several structural and functional vascular parameters in conscious rats and that the LPCA responds to disease insults and pharmacologic treatments in a fashion that will make it a useful model for further studies.

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Beneficial Effects of Combination Therapy with Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor on Vascular Endothelial Function

Cited by 15 publications

References 52 publications

Cardiac syndrome X: Current concepts

Cardiac syndrome X: Current concepts

The Correlation Between Arterial Hypertension and Endothelial Function

Noninvasive assessment of vascular structure and function in conscious rats based on in vivo imaging of the albino iris

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