Beneficial Effects of Pharmacotherapy on Weight Loss, Depressive Symptoms, and Eating Patterns in Obese Binge Eaters and Non‐Binge Eaters

Alger, Sharon; Malone, Margaret; Cerulli, Jennifer; Fein, Steven; Howard, Lyn

doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00435.x

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This widespread use is a major strength of the BDI in this population. Improvement in BDI scores has often been reported following weight loss after bariatric surgery [14][15][16][17][18][19], pharmacological interventions [20] and behavioural and dietary interventions [21][22][23][24][25][26]. We reported that symptoms of depression, measured using the BDI [27], improve following bariatric surgery and that this decrease in BDI depression scores is relatively stable up to 4 years after surgery [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory in Obese Individuals Seeking Surgery

Hayden

Dixon

et al. 2009

OBES SURG

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The previously published factor analysis in bariatric candidates by Munoz et al. was a poor fit to the data, and use of this factor structure should be seriously reconsidered within the obese population. The hypothesised model was the best fit to the data. The findings of the study suggest that the existing published models are not adequate for investigating depression in obese patients seeking surgery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory in Obese Individuals Seeking Surgery

Hayden

Dixon

et al. 2009

OBES SURG

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“…This medicine was also shown to have beneficial effects on symptoms of depression and plasma lipid levels in obese women [29,30]. Thus, treatment with phentermine results in various phenotypic effects, many of which are opposite to effects of aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Phentermine and Phenformin on Biomarkers of Aging in Rats

et al. 2004

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Background: Caloric restriction (CR) is the only treatment known to substantially prolong both average and maximal life span in experimental animals. Interventions that mimic certain effects of CR could be potential anti-aging treatments in humans. Drugs which reduce appetite (anorexiants) represent one class of candidate treatments. Agents that reduce the glucose utilization by the organism could also represent another class of candidate CR mimetics. Objective: In our study, we addressed the following questions: (1) Does treatment with an anorexiant reduce caloric intake and body weight of experimental animals comparable to that caused by CR? (2) Does treatment with an antidiabetic agent influence caloric intake and body weight? (3) Does treatment with any of these drugs affect metabolic parameters of an organism in the way similar to that observed with CR? Methods: One hundred and twenty 6-month-old female Wistar-derived LIO rats were randomly subdivided into four groups and exposed to: (1) ad libitum feeding with placebo (controls); (2) the antidiabetic drug phenformin (2 mg/kg); (3) the anorectic drug phentermine (1 mg/kg), and (4) the same amount of food as the group with the least food intake during the previous week (pair-fed controls). Food and water intake, body weight, and rectal temperature were measured weekly during 16 weeks. At the end of the 16th week of the experiment, serum levels of glucose, total β-lipoprotein and pre-β-lipoprotein fractions, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, total triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine were estimated. The contents of diene conjugates and Schiff’s bases, total antioxidant activity, the activities of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were studied in brain and liver homogenates and in the serum. Results: The controls exposed to pair feeding had a significantly reduced food consumption (about 20%) as compared with the ad libitum fed controls and thus exhibited a moderate CR. Treatment with phentermine reduced the caloric intake by about 12% as compared with the ad libitum fed controls. Body weight and water intake in this group were only slightly decreased (by about 2 and 5%, respectively) as compared with the controls. The mean rectal temperature in the phentermine group (38°C) was significantly higher than in the ad libitum fed (37.8°C) and pair-fed (37.6°C) controls. Treatment with phentermine also resulted in significantly reduced ROS levels in all tissues studied, while the highest ROS production was found in ad libitum (blood serum) and pair-fed (brain) controls. Treatment with phenformin did not significantly influence food and water consumption, body weight, and temperature when compared with the ad libitum fed controls. Rats treated with this antidiabetic drug showed intermediate values of ROS generation. Differences among the groups in total antioxidant activity were not obvious. Conclusions: Treatment with phentermine reduces caloric intake slightly le...

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“…Despite the extensive use of fluoxetine for long-term treatment of depression, there have been no reports of cardiac valve lesions similar to those seen with fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine. 4,6,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Rothman et al 51 suggested that serotonergic drugs that bind to 5-HT (2B) receptors were associated with cardiac valve lesions. Fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine were among those that bound to 5-HT (2B) receptors, but fluoxetine did not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Weight losses at 1 year were approximately 15-17% of initial body weight with phen-fen [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] compared to losses of 6-10% of initial body weight with single-drug treatment using fenfluramine. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] When fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine were removed from the market in September 1997 because of concerns about cardiac valve lesions, 4,6,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] some physicians turned to combinations of phentermine and other serotonin-active drugs such as fluoxetine and sertraline in an attempt to reproduce the phen-fen effect. However, there are very few studies published on the efficacy of these combinations for obesity, and none have compared results with phen-fen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of combinations of drugs for treatment of obesity: body weight and echocardiographic status

et al. 2006

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Background: Obesity treatment with single drugs produces weight losses of about 8-10% of initial body weight. Few studies of combinations of drugs for treating obesity have been published. The combination of phentermine, an adrenergic agent, and fenfluramine, a serotonergic agent, (phen-fen) produced weight losses of about 15% of initial body weight. Fenfluramine is no longer available because it was associated with cardiac valve lesions. Phentermine-fluoxetine (phen-flu) has been proposed as an alternative for phen-fen. Objective: To compare the efficacy of treatment and prevalence of cardiac valve abnormalities on phen-flu vs phen-fen. Design: Retrospective chart review of all patients treated for at least 3 months with phen-flu (N ¼ 97) to a random sample of patients treated with phen-fen (N ¼ 98) in the Clinical Nutrition Clinic at the University of Wisconsin. Comparison of echocardiograms in all patients treated solely with phen-flu (N ¼ 21) to a random sample of patients treated with phen-fen (N ¼ 47), and to a group of subjects never treated with obesity drugs (N ¼ 26). Results: With last observation carried forward analysis (LOCF), at 6 months of treatment the phen-fen patients lost 12.670.6% of baseline weight and phen-flu patients lost 9.070.6% (Po0.001). With completers analysis, there were no significant differences in weight loss as a percent of baseline weight at 6 months (14.470.6 vs 13.370.9%). LOCF decreases in body mass index (BMI) at 6 months were À5.3 and À3.6 kg/m 2 for phen-fen and phen-flu, respectively (Po0.001), and 6.270.3 vs 5.470.4 kg/m 2 , respectively, for the completers analysis (P -NS). Dropout rate at 6 months was higher in phen-flu subjects (44 vs 28%). In subjects without atherosclerosis of valves (presumably pre-existing), cardiac valve lesions occurred in eight of 38 phen-fen subjects and in none of 15 phen-flu subjects or 25 control subjects who had not been treated with drugs. Conclusions: The combination of phentermine and fluoxetine was not as effective as phen-fen, but was not associated with cardiac valve lesions. Longer term, larger scale studies of phen-flu are warranted.

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Beneficial Effects of Pharmacotherapy on Weight Loss, Depressive Symptoms, and Eating Patterns in Obese Binge Eaters and Non‐Binge Eaters

Cited by 28 publications

References 35 publications

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory in Obese Individuals Seeking Surgery

Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory in Obese Individuals Seeking Surgery

Effects of Phentermine and Phenformin on Biomarkers of Aging in Rats

Comparison of combinations of drugs for treatment of obesity: body weight and echocardiographic status

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