Beneficial effects of troxerutin on metabolic disorders in non-obese model of metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Background Troxerutin (TRX) has a beneficial effect on blood viscosity and platelet aggregation, and is currently used for the treatment of chronic varicosity. Recently, TRX can improve lipid abnormalities, glucose intolerance and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders. In this study, we tested the effect of TRX on metabolic syndrome-associated disorders using a non-obese model of metabolic syndrome–the Hereditary Hypertriglyceridaemic rats (HHTg). Methods Adult male HHTg rats were fed standard diet without or with TRX (150 mg/kg bwt/day for 4 weeks). Results Compared to untreated rats, TRX supplementation in HHTg rats decreased serum glucose (p<0.05) and insulin (p<0.05). Although blood lipids were not affected, TRX decreased hepatic cholesterol concentrations (p<0.01) and reduced gene expression of HMGCR, SREBP2 and SCD1 (p<0.01), involved in cholesterol synthesis and lipid homeostasis. TRX-treated rats exhibited decreased lipoperoxidation and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPx (p<0.05) in the liver. In addition, TRX supplementation increased insulin sensitivity in muscles and epididymal adipose tissue (p<0.05). Elevated serum adiponectin (p<0.05) and decreased muscle triglyceride (p<0.05) helped improve insulin sensitivity. Among the beneficial effects of TRX were changes to cytochrome P450 family enzymes. Hepatic gene expression of CYP4A1, CYP4A3 and CYP5A1 (p<0.01) decreased, while there was a marked elevation in gene expression of CYP1A1 (p<0.01). Conclusion Our results indicate that TRX improves hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. As well as ameliorating oxidative stress, TRX can reduce ectopic lipid deposition, affect genes involved in lipid metabolism, and influence the activity of CYP family enzymes.

Cerium Oxide-Decorated γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles: Design, Synthesis and in vivo Effects on Parameters of Oxidative Stress

“…To determine the antioxidant effect of cerium oxide-decorated magnetic particles, a strain of HHTg rats was deemed the most suitable experimental model given its tendency to exhibit increased oxidative stress in tissues (Malinska et al, 2019 ). We examined the tissues of the liver, kidney cortex, and brain, where metabolic disorders and changes are associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes, after administering each nanoparticle type.…”

“…The aim of this report was to merge both the magnetic and antioxidant properties of the maghemite core and cerium oxide shell into a new delivery system that would be colloidally stable and magnetically manipulable. Antioxidant properties were verified based on chemical and biological in vivo tests of using a rat model of metabolic syndrome and prediabetes—the hereditary hypertriglyceridaemic rat (Malinska et al, 2019 ). Effect of cerium oxide-decorated γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense parameters has been evaluated.…”

Metabolic Impact of Flavonoids Consumption in Obesity: From Central to Peripheral

“…On its side, the rutin derivate, troxerutin (TRX), has also demonstrated effectiveness against metabolic disorders in a rat model of hereditary hypertriglyceridemia (HHTg) non-obese model of MetS [ 256 ]. The treatment with TRX lowered the levels of hepatic cholesterol and reduced the expression of cholesterol and lipid synthesis genes ( Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase ( Hmgcr), Srebp2 and Scd1 ) as well as decreased lipoperoxidation and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes [ 256 ]. Moreover, these animals exhibited higher levels of adiponectin in serum [ 256 ].…”

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Effects of Troxerutin and Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate Injection on Injured Spinal Cords in Rats

“…In addition, troxerutin has been shown to be effective in the treatment of hemorrhoidal diseases where it protects the endothelial cells and improves local microcirculation [ 10 , 21 ]. In a previous study, 15 DEGs were identified by transcriptomic analysis of the blood cells of rats treated with troxerutin [ 8 ]; this demonstrated that troxerutin mainly possesses functions of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, telencephalon development, cell membrane development, endoplasmic reticulum exports, β 2-microglobule binding, and transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP)-binding. Cerebroprotein hydrolysate, also known as Cerebrolysin [ 22 ], is suggested to play a role as the precursor to a neurotransmitter; it also directly functions as a neurotransmitter and is used to improve the recovery of neurological function [ 9 , 22 , 23 ].…”

“…Troxerutin, also known as vitamin P4, has been proven to possess antihyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties [8]. Cerebroprotein hydrolysate, an affluent of peptides and amino acids [9], has been found to have a synergistic effect, along with troxerutin, due to its ability to pass through the blood-brain barrier easily.…”