Beneficial Gut Microbiome Remodeled During Intermittent Fasting in Humans

Larrick, Jasmine W; Mendelsohn, Andrew R; Larrick, James W.

doi:10.1089/rej.2021.0025

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The current study also found FI students to have an increased abundance of family Enterobacteriaceae . Bacteria belonging to family Lachnospiraceae ferment plant polysaccharides into SCFAs and alcohols but also are able to degrade mucin, which may be advantageous during periods of energy deprivation 40 , such as with food insecurity. Conversely, Enterobacteriaceae is a bacterial family that includes numerous pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli , but also primarily consists of facultative anaerobes that ferment glucose 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of food insecurity on gut microbiome and metabolome profiles in a diverse college-based sample

Mohr

Jasbi

Wyst

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Voluntary caloric restriction (e.g., eating disorders) often results in alterations in the gut microbiota composition and function. However, these findings may not translate to food insecurity, where an individual experiences inconsistent access to healthy food options. In this study we compared the fecal microbiome and metabolome of racially and ethnically diverse first year college students (n = 60) experiencing different levels of food access. Students were dichotomized into food secure (FS) and food insecure (FI) groups using a validated, 2-question screener assessing food security status over the previous 30 days. Fecal samples were collected up to 5 days post survey-completion. Gut microbiome and metabolome were established using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. FI students experienced significantly greater microbial diversity with increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Eisenbergiella, while FS students had greater abundance of Megasphaera and Holdemanella. Metabolites related to energy transfer and gut–brain-axis communication (picolinic acid, phosphocreatine, 2-pyrrolidinone) were elevated in FI students (q < 0.05). These findings suggest that food insecurity is associated with differential gut microbial and metabolite composition for which the future implications are unknown. Further work is needed to elucidate the longitudinal metabolic effects of food insecurity and how gut microbes influence metabolic outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of food insecurity on gut microbiome and metabolome profiles in a diverse college-based sample

Mohr

Jasbi

Wyst

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…One identified species Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3 1 57FAA CT1 belonged to Lachnospiraceae which is involved in the production of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) through fermenting plant polysaccharides [ 37 , 38 ]. In addition, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3 1 57FAA CT1 has phylogenetic similarity to known butyrogenic gut bacteria [ 39 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal relationship among adiposity, gut microbiota, and insulin resistance in a longitudinal human cohort

Deng

Shuai

Zhang

et al. 2022

BMC Med

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Background The temporal relationship between adiposity and gut microbiota was unexplored. Whether some gut microbes lie in the pathways from adiposity to insulin resistance is less clear. Our study aims to reveal the temporal relationship between adiposity and gut microbiota and investigate whether gut microbiota may mediate the association of adiposity with insulin resistance in a longitudinal human cohort study. Methods We obtained repeated-measured gut shotgun metagenomic and anthropometric data from 426 Chinese participants over ~3 years of follow-up. Cross-lagged path analysis was used to examine the temporal relationship between BMI and gut microbial features. The associations between the gut microbes and insulin resistance-related phenotypes were examined using a linear mixed-effect model. We examined the mediation effect of gut microbes on the association between adiposity and insulin resistance-related phenotypes. Replication was performed in the HMP cohort. Results Baseline BMI was prospectively associated with levels of ten gut microbial species. Among them, results of four species (Adlercreutzia equolifaciens, Parabacteroides unclassified, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3 1 57FAA CT1, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 7 1 58FAA) were replicated in the independent HMP cohort. Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3 1 57FAA CT1 was inversely associated with HOMA-IR and fasting insulin. Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3 1 57FAA CT1 mediated the association of overweight/obesity with HOMA-IR (FDR<0.05). Furthermore, Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3 1 57FAA CT1 was positively associated with the butyrate-producing pathway PWY-5022 (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our study identified one potentially beneficial microbe Lachnospiraceae bacterium 3 1 57FAA CT1, which might mediate the effect of adiposity on insulin resistance. The identified microbes are helpful for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets, as to mitigate the impact of adiposity on insulin resistance.

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“…IF was more advantageous in improving intestinal immunity, increasing the expression of the intestinal nuclear transcription factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) inhibitor IKB, and decreasing circulating immune factors. In addition, several studies have demonstrated that fasting‐induced gut microbiota remodeling is also involved in regulating energy metabolism, adipose tissue browning, and the brain–gut–microbiome signaling axis 305–307 . Liu et al 308 .…”

Section: Potential Mechanism Mediating the Effects Of Dietary Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, several studies have demonstrated that fasting-induced gut microbiota remodeling is also involved in regulating energy metabolism, adipose tissue browning, and the brain-gut-microbiome signaling axis. [305][306][307] Liu et al 308 demonstrated that ADF improved cognitive performance in diabetic mice by remodeling the microbiota composition, increasing the content of micro-bial metabolites butyrate, acetate, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and regulating insulin signaling and brainderived neurotrophic factor expression. Another study also demonstrated that fasting-induced changes in the functional aspect of gut microbiota improved BP control and metabolism by affecting SCFA production.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health: Clinical evidence and mechanism

Wang

Liu

et al. 2023

MedComm

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For centuries, the search for nutritional interventions to underpin cardiovascular treatment and prevention guidelines has contributed to the rapid development of the field of dietary patterns and cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Numerous studies have demonstrated that healthy dietary patterns with emphasis on food-based recommendations are the gold standard for extending lifespan and reducing the risks of CMD and mortality. Healthy dietary patterns include various permutations of energy restriction, macronutrients, and food intake patterns such as calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, Mediterranean diet, plant-based diets, etc. Early implementation of healthy dietary patterns in patients with CMD is encouraged, but an understanding of the mechanisms by which these patterns trigger cardiometabolic benefits remains incomplete. Hence, this review examined several dietary patterns that may improve cardiometabolic health, including restrictive dietary patterns, regional dietary patterns, and diets based on controlled macronutrients and food groups, summarizing cutting-edge evidence and potential mechanisms for CMD prevention and treatment. Particularly, considering individual differences in responses to dietary composition and nutritional changes in organ tissue diversity, we highlighted the critical role of individual gut microbiota in the crosstalk between diet and CMD and recommend a more precise and dynamic nutritional strategy for CMD by developing dietary patterns based on individual gut microbiota profiles.

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Beneficial Gut Microbiome Remodeled During Intermittent Fasting in Humans

Cited by 9 publications

References 52 publications

Association of food insecurity on gut microbiome and metabolome profiles in a diverse college-based sample

Association of food insecurity on gut microbiome and metabolome profiles in a diverse college-based sample

Temporal relationship among adiposity, gut microbiota, and insulin resistance in a longitudinal human cohort

Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health: Clinical evidence and mechanism

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