In Brazil, the Social Security System is composed of the tripod Health, Social Security and Social Assistance. Specifically in the area of Occupational Health, it is considered crucial to establish integrated actions between Health and Social Security. However, it is important to highlight the differentiation between these two areas in relation to their direction, as Social Security establishes the scope of assistance to formal contributory workers. Thus, it is possible to inquire about the (un)protection of workers in the Brazilian social security system. Thus, the article aims to identify studies on Workers' Health in the area of Social Security, through a systematic review. The review was carried out on the scielo website, on April 16, 2024, and 15 articles were selected. 04 axes of analysis were identified, namely: databases of occupational accidents (WAs); Work-Related Illnesses and Social Security Benefits; Vocational Rehabilitation and Intersectoriality between Health and Social Security Policies. Unfortunately, the articles identified the distancing between the principles and norms between the areas of health and social security, to the detriment of workers' health and access to social and social security rights.