Benefits and Inputs From Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Bacteriocins as Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters During Food-Animal Production

Abstract

Resistance to antibiotics is escalating and threatening humans and animals worldwide. Different countries have legislated or promoted the ban of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock and aquaculture to reduce this phenomenon. Therefore, to improve animal growth and reproduction performance and to control multiple bacterial infections, there is a potential to use probiotics as non-antibiotic growth promoters. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) offer various advantages as potential probiotics and can be considered as alternatives to antibiotics during food-animal production. LAB are safe microorganisms with abilities to produce different inhibitory compounds such as bacteriocins, organic acids as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl, and carbon dioxide. LAB can inhibit harmful microorganisms with their arsenal, or through competitive exclusion mechanism based on competition for binding sites and nutrients. LAB endowed with specific enzymatic functions (amylase, protease…) can improve nutrients acquisition as well as animal immune system stimulation. This review aimed at underlining the benefits and inputs from LAB as potential alternatives to antibiotics in poultry, pigs, ruminants, and aquaculture production.

Gut commensal bacteria show beneficial properties as wildlife probiotics

“…LAB are widely used as probiotics owing to their beneficial effects on human and animal health. 52,53 In the food and feed industry, probiotic LAB strains are normally selected using well-established, classical screening methods on the basis of criteria that relate to phenotypic traits and functional properties, such as safety, antimicrobial activity, and host colonization. 54 In this context, comparative genome analysis using next-generation sequencing technologies has brought new insights into the probiotic characterization of LAB, including a much better understanding of their interaction with immune cells.…”

Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of the inhibition effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on Escherich coli biofilm formation in coculture

“…We previously reported that probiotic LGG microcapsules could inhibit E.coli bio lm formation without causing antibiotic resistance. Probiotics have many bene ts for human health and are used both therapeutically and in the food industry [9].…”

Use of Antibiotics in Animal Production and its Impact on Human Health

“…In the last decades, production and consumption of animal products have largely increased [6]. In a future, this increase is expected to continue in order to meet the high demand for livestock products such as meat, milk, eggs, and fish, especially in industrialized countries [7][8][9].…”

“…To this end, they have been supplied in subtherapeutic doses to help livestock by improving growth rate, reducing mortality, and enhancing animal reproductive performance [15]. Antibiotics mostly employed in AGP applications include tetracyclines, ionophores, and penicillin's [9,16].…”