Benefits, cost requirements and cost-effectiveness of the HPV16,18 vaccine for cervical cancer prevention in developing countries: policy implications

Working Towards Universal Implementation of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination to Prevent Cervical Cancer

“…While the cost decrease is dramatic, it is not attainable for most low-income countries (Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (GAVI), 2013). It is estimated that the per-cost dose should be $1-$2 (including wastage, administration, program support) to make vaccination both cost effective and affordable (Goldie, O'Shea, Diaz, & Kim, 2008). One suggestion is on increasing efforts directed towards secondary prevention.…”

“…One suggestion is on increasing efforts directed towards secondary prevention. Models suggest that at current costs, vaccination is less cost effective than the provision of secondary prevention once or twice per lifetime to women at risk (Louie, de Sanjose, & Mayaud, 2009;Agosti & Goldie, 2007;Goldie, O'Shea, Diaz, & Kim, 2008). In Thailand, a recent mathematical model determined the efficiency of HPV and cervical cancer incidence rates and preadolescent HPV vaccination with one to five-lifetime screening interventions if vaccination costs could be lowered (Sharma, Ortendahl, van der Ham, Sy, & Kim, 2012).…”

Prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer in China: How does HPV vaccination bring about benefits to Chinese women?

“…Only 6% of women were willing to pay more than US $300 for the vaccine. and safety of the vaccines, cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer prevention and control strategies Sexual behavior of the population, and knowledge and attitudes towards the vaccines and HPV-related diseases are also important (46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57). In China, the prevalence of HPV 16 and 18, which are prevented by the current vaccines, is generally high, while there is a huge geographic diversity of the prevalence of oncogenic HPV types.…”

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-based Vaccines for Human Neoplastic Disease

“…Therefore, a vaccine such as Gardasil or Cervarix, which focuses on HPV-16 and -18 as the most prevalent, may not be as effective at providing protection against 70% of cervical cancer causing genotypes. It is suggested that over the next 10 years, if an effective vaccine was available globally to 70% of 'the young', over four million future deaths could be prevented (Goldie et al, 2008). However, Gardasil and Cervarix are expensive (Cabello, 2009) and a national vaccination program is unaffordable in low socio-economic countries.…”

“…However, Gardasil and Cervarix are expensive (Cabello, 2009) and a national vaccination program is unaffordable in low socio-economic countries. Lowering of vaccine price, cost effective delivery and creative financing is essential for global immunisation programs (Goldie et al, 2008). If a DNA vaccine to treat a disease such as rabies could be manufactured to cost 5-10 cents per dose (Lodmell et al, 1998), a cost-effective DNA vaccine targeting E6 and E7 HPV oncoproteins should be developed.…”