Benefits of fatty fish on dementia risk are stronger for those without
            <i>APOE</i>
            ε4

Huang, Tina; Zandi, Peter P.; Tucker, Katherine L.; Fitzpatrick, Annette L.; Kuller, Lewis H.; Fried, Linda P.; Burke, Gregory L.; Carlson, MC

doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000183148.34197.2e

Cited by 344 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A number of studies investigated the relation of fish intake to risk of developing AD. In all cases, the estimated OR were in the protective direction and most were statistically significant at a low level of intake of just one fish meal per week (133)(134)(135)(136)(137)(138)144) . The Rotterdam Study reported significant reduction in risk after 2 .…”

Section: Cardiovascular Mechanisms Of Fish Protectionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Nutritional determinants of cognitive aging and dementia

2011

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The objective of this review is to provide an overview of nutritional factors involved in cognitive aging and dementia with a focus on nutrients that are also important in neurocognitive development. Several dietary components were targeted, including antioxidant nutrients, dietary fats and B-vitamins. A critical review of the literature on each nutrient group is presented, beginning with laboratory and animal studies of the underlying biological mechanisms, followed by prospective epidemiological studies and randomised clinical trials. The evidence to date is fairly strong for protective associations of vitamin E from food sources, the n-3 fatty acid, DHA, found in fish, a high ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats, and vitamin B 12 and folate. Attention to the level of nutrient intake is crucial for interpreting the literature and the inconsistencies across studies. Most of the epidemiological studies that observe associations have sufficient numbers of individuals who have both low and adequate nutrient status. Few of the randomised clinical trials are designed to target participants who have low baseline status before randomising to vitamin supplement treatments, and this may have resulted in negative findings. Post-hoc analyses by some of the trials reveal vitamin effects in individuals with low baseline intakes. The field of diet and dementia is a relatively young area of study. Much further work needs to be done to understand dietary determinants of cognitive aging and diseases. Further, these studies must be particularly focused on the levels of nutrient intake or status that confer optimum or suboptimal brain functioning. Nutrition: Cognitive decline: Dementia: Antioxidant nutrients: Dietary fatsAfter more than a decade of research on nutrition and the aging brain, a number of promising nutritional factors have emerged that are also important to neurocognitive development. This review describes the evidence for these nutritional factors that show the most promise in the prevention of neurodegenerative disease. Among these are antioxidant nutrients, B-vitamins, dietary fat composition and n-3 fatty acids. Each of these factors has a body of literature to support underlying biological mechanisms for association as well as evidence of association from prospective epidemiological studies. The clinical trial evidence for vitamin supplements has been disappointing, but very few of these trials were designed to test whether supplementation is effective in persons who have low nutrient status for that particular dietary component.In general, potential recommendations to maintain a healthy brain reflect those that have been demonstrated to maintain a healthy heart: physical activity combined with a diet that has a high ratio of unsaturated to saturated fats, vegetables, fruits and fish. In this review, we first describe common neurodegenerative diseases of aging and some basic fundamentals in nutrient absorption and physiological function. These sections are followed by a review of the evidence for each die...

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Section: Cardiovascular Mechanisms Of Fish Protectionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In prospective studies, consumption of fish was associated with lower risk of incident dementia (133)(134)(135)(136)(137)(138) , stroke (139,140,141,142) , and cognitive decline (86,143) . A number of studies investigated the relation of fish intake to risk of developing AD.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Mechanisms Of Fish Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional determinants of cognitive aging and dementia

2011

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“…10 Paradoxically, the negative association between high-fat diets and AD is predominantly limited to E4 non-carriers in some studies. 102,103 We recently published work showing that in older adults, E4 carriers actually showed cognitive improvements on some tasks after ingesting a high-fat meal, compared to a high carbohydrate meal. 72 We speculate that because of the lipid deficit in the E4 carrier brain, high fat feeding may benefit E4 carriers acutely.…”

Section: Triglycerides Cognition and Apoe Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and apolipoprotein E interactions as mechanisms in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

Salameh

Rhea

Banks

et al. 2016

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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An increased risk for Alzheimer's disease is associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. A separate literature shows the genetic risk for developing Alzheimer's disease is strongly correlated to the presence of the E4 isoform of the apolipoprotein E carrier protein. Understanding how apolipoprotein E carrier protein, lipids, amyloid b peptides, glucose, central nervous system insulin, and peripheral insulin interact with one another in Alzheimer's disease is an area of increasing interest. Here, we will review the evidence relating apolipoprotein E carrier protein, lipids, and insulin action to Alzheimer's disease and Ab peptides and then propose mechanisms as to how these factors might interact with one another to impair cognition and promote Alzheimer's disease.

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“…Table 1 summarizes the few epidemiological studies that have tested and evidenced this interaction. The first two studies (Barberger- Gateau et al, 2007;Huang et al, 2005) have examined the association between fish consumption and incidence of dementia. Both have found that the risk of dementia was decreased by 40% by regular fish consumption only in APOE4 non-carriers while no association was observed in APOE4 carriers.…”

Section: Interactions Between Lc N-pufa and Apoe4 On Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-chain omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognition in older people: interaction with APOE genotype

Barberger‐Gateau

Samieri

Cunnane³

2015

OCL

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-Basic research and epidemiological studies suggest a protective effect of long-chain omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) against age-related cognitive decline. However, most randomized controlled trials with LC n-3 PUFA supplements have yielded disappointing results on cognitive outcomes in older persons. One explanation for this discrepancy may be an inadequate targeting of potential beneficiaries of LC n-3 PUFA according to their Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. The aim of this paper was to examine the potential modifying effect of APOE genotype on LC n-3 PUFA metabolism and its relation to cognitive decline in older persons. At least five epidemiological studies and three intervention studies with LC n-3 PUFA supplements have found an interaction between LC n-3 PUFA and APOE genotype on cognition. However, the direction of the effect is inconsistent across studies: the impact of LC n-3 PUFA on cognition is stronger in APOE4 carriers (the main genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease) in some studies, but conversely stronger in APOE4 non-carriers in other studies. These discordant results may be explained by different age groups, cognitive status, measures of cognition, or amounts of DHA intake across studies. Experimental studies suggest that the APOE4 genotype modifies the metabolism of DHA. The APOE genotype should be systematically taken into account and interactions tested in epidemiological and intervention studies with LC n-3 PUFA. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of this gene X diet interaction.Keywords: Cognition / aging / omega3 fatty acids / Apolipoprotein E gene / DHA Résumé -Acides gras oméga-3 à longue chaîne et cognition chez les sujets âgés : interaction avec le géno-type APOE. La recherche fondamentale et les études épidémiologiques suggèrent un effet protecteur des acides gras oméga3 à longue chaîne (AGPI-LC n-3) contre le déclin cognitif lié à l'âge. Cependant les études d'intervention avec des suppléments d'AGPI-LC n-3 ont donné des résultats décevants sur la cognition. Une raison pourrait en être un ciblage inadéquat des bénéficiaires potentiels d'une supplémentation en raison notamment de leur génotype pour le gène de l'Apolipoprotéine E (APOE). L'objectif de cet article était d'explorer l'effet potentiellement modificateur du géno-type de l'APOE sur le métabolisme des AGPI-LC n-3 et sa relation avec le déclin cognitif chez le sujet âgé. Au moins cinq études épidémiologiques et trois études d'intervention ont mis en évidence une interaction entre les AGPI-LC n-3 et le génotype de l'APOE sur la cognition des personnes âgées. Cependant la direction de l'effet est inconstant entre les études, certaines montrent un impact des AGPI-LC n-3 uniquement chez les porteurs de l'allèle epsilon4 (APOE4), principal facteur de risque génétique de maladie d'Alzheimer, et d'autres inversement un effet chez les non-porteurs de l'APOE4. Ces résultats discordants peuvent s'expliquer par des différences d'âge, de statut cognitif, de domaine d...

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Benefits of fatty fish on dementia risk are stronger for those without APOE ε4

Abstract: In the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study, consumption of fatty fish was associated with a reduced risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease for those without the APOE epsilon4 allele.

Cited by 344 publications

References 28 publications

Nutritional determinants of cognitive aging and dementia

Nutritional determinants of cognitive aging and dementia

Insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and apolipoprotein E interactions as mechanisms in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

Long-chain omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognition in older people: interaction with APOE genotype

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