Benefits of Physical Exercise for Older Adults With Alzheimer's Disease

Pérez, Carlos Ayán; Carral, José María Cancela

doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2007.12.002

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Given that persons with early AD generally have intact capacity for cardiorespiratory fitness (Burns, Mayo, Anderson, Smith, & Donnelly, 2008), interventions to improve physical activity levels are encouraged, even independent of any possible cognitive benefits. Recent studies have provided guidelines for possible intervention (Pérez & Cancela Carral, 2008) and additional work is much needed to clarify its potential benefits…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structured Exercise Does Not Stabilize Cognitive Function in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment Residing in a Structured Living Facility

Miller

Spitznagel²,

Busko³

et al. 2011

International Journal of Neuroscience

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Exercise has been shown to have positive effects on the brain and cognition in healthy older adults, though no study has directly examined possible cognitive benefits of formal exercise programs in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) living in structured facilities. Thirty one participants completed neuropsychological testing and measures of cardiovascular fitness at baseline and after 6 months of a structured exercise program that included aerobic and resistance training. While exercise improved cardiovascular fitness in persons with mild cognitive impairment, there was no improvement in cognitive function. Rather, mild cognitive impairment patients in this sample declined in performance on several tests sensitive to Alzheimer's disease. Examined in the context of past work, it appears exercise may be beneficial prior to the onset of MCI, though less helpful after its onset. Keywords mild cognitive impairment; exercise; cognitive functioning; older adults; neuropsychology; cardiovascular fitness There is growing evidence that physical activity is associated with better neurocognitive outcome in older adults. Both cross sectional and prospective studies demonstrate that older adults engaging in regular physical activity show improved performance on neuropsychological testing and fewer pathological changes on neuroimaging Colcombe et al., 2006;Kramer, Colcombe, McAulley, Scalf, & Erickson, 2005).One large prospective study found that older adults with self-reported memory problems exhibited improved cognition after completing an exercise program (Williams & Tappen, 2007). In terms of cognitive function, some studies reported no change (McMurdo & Rennie, 1993;Mulrow et al., 1994;Schnell et al., 1996), while others have found slight improvements (Molloy, Beerschoten, Borrie, Crilly, & Cape, 1988;Powell, 1974). A recent study examined the effects of aerobic exercise in community-dwelling persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (Baker et al., 2010). Baker and colleagues (2010) randomized 33 individuals with MCI into a 6-month aerobic exercise or stretching control group. Individuals in the aerobic exercise group exercised for 45-60 minutes per day, four days per week exerting 75-85% of heart rate reserve while those in the stretching control group completed stretching activities on the same schedule, but exerting 50% of less of heart rate reserve. Results indicated that aerobic exercise had beneficial gender-specific effects on cognition. Specifically, women in the aerobic exercise group (N = 10) showed cognitive benefits, with improved performance on tasks of executive function (Baker et al., 2010).Given these promising findings, the current study examined the possible cognitive benefits of a 6-month aerobic and resistance training exercise program in persons with MCI residing in a structured living facility. Implementation of this program into a living facility was chosen based on the growing number of individuals living in these communities and their importance in promoting health in a numbe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structured Exercise Does Not Stabilize Cognitive Function in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment Residing in a Structured Living Facility

Miller

Spitznagel²,

Busko³

et al. 2011

International Journal of Neuroscience

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“…Therefore, when all these findings are considered, it can be thought that norepinephrine and/or serotonin may participate in the up‐regulation of BDNF in response to exercise, and, which, in turn, they can reduce NPs in patients with AD. In addition, calcium levels in the brain are increased, which simulates dopamin synthesis during physical exercise . In patients with AD, the reduced dopaminergic functions have been reported to pave the way to psychiatric symptoms (like apathy and depression) due to the deterioration of memory, motivational process, and sleep‐wake regulation .…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Physical Activity On Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, calcium levels in the brain are increased, which simulates dopamin synthesis during physical exercise. 65 In patients with AD, the reduced dopaminergic functions have been reported to pave the way to psychiatric symptoms (like apathy and depression) due to the deterioration of memory, motivational process, and sleep-wake regulation. 66 Therefore, dopaminergic pathways have been targeted in treatment, eg, using methylphenidate, with the resultant reduction in apathy symptoms, and improvement in global cognition, but adverse events, including delusions, agitation, anger, irritability, and insomnia in patients with AD.…”

Section: Key Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of physical activity in ameliorating neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer disease: A narrative review

Veronese

Solmi

Basso³

et al. 2018

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…Mild physical exercise is also included in the ITM antidementia agenda. Recent studies have substantiated the effects of exercise against AD (24-26). Bending and stretching, slow and brisk walking, calisthenics, rhythmical movements, performing hand movements, and playing with a ball (throwing and kicking) have been shown to improve some of AD consequences (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease in Iranian Traditional Medicine

Ahmadian-Attari¹,

Ahmadiani²,

Kamalinejad³

et al. 2014

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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Background:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a high prevalence in recent years. Dramatic growth in AD prevalence has increased the importance of more researches on AD treatment. History has shown that traditional medicine can be a source of inspiration to find new therapies.Objectives:This study tried to codify the recommendations of Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) by studying the main medical manuscripts. The second purpose was to compare these findings with new medical information.Materials and Methods:Cardinal traditional medical and pharmacological texts from 10th to 18th century were searched for traditional terms of dementia (Nesyan, Fisad-uz-Zekr, Faramooshkari) focused on treatment methods. The findings were classified into three groups: lifestyle recommendations, dietary approaches, and drug therapies. These findings were compared with new medical findings.Results:ITM has dietary recommendations for dementia such as increasing consumption of nuts, poultry and eggs, milk, and grape products (like raisin and currant). These compounds are full of unsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and polyphenolic compounds. New findings suggest that these substances can help in prevention and treatment of AD. ITM has some lifestyle considerations like increasing physical and mental activities, listening to music, attending musical feasts, and smelling specific perfumes. New medical findings confirm nearly all of these recommendations. Along with the aforementioned items, treatment with natural medicines is in the first line of traditional treatment of dementia. New investigations show that many of these herbs have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory factors and acetylcholine esterase inhibitory effects. A few of them also have N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) blocking activity. When these herbs are put together in traditional formulations, they can comprehensively fight against the disease.Conclusions:More ethnopharmacological and ethnomedical studies on ITM antidementia therapy can be followed by fruitful results.

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Benefits of Physical Exercise for Older Adults With Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 32 publications

References 45 publications

Structured Exercise Does Not Stabilize Cognitive Function in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment Residing in a Structured Living Facility

Structured Exercise Does Not Stabilize Cognitive Function in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment Residing in a Structured Living Facility

Role of physical activity in ameliorating neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer disease: A narrative review

Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease in Iranian Traditional Medicine

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