Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems: immediate, filter and founder effects

Grime, J. Philip

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00306.x

Cited by 2,395 publications

(2,235 citation statements)

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“…Dominant species are the small number of species that significantly affect other species (McNaughton & Wolf, 1970; Whittaker, 1965). Due to their high biomass, large size, high productivity, and other traits (Bouchenak‐Khelladi, Slingsby, Verboom, & Bond, 2014; Collins & Duffy, 2016), they can change environmental conditions and resource availability and thus shape community structure (Frieswyk, Johnston, & Zedler, 2007; Okullo, Greve, & Moe, 2013), community diversity (Kunte, 2008; Okullo et al., 2013), community phylogeny (Chalmandrier, Münkemüller, Lavergne, & Thuiller, 2015), trophic structure (Miller, Brodeur, Rau, & Omori, 2010), and ecosystem functions (Behera et al., 2017; Furey, Tecco, Perez‐Harguindeguy, Giorgis, & Grossi, 2014; Grime, 1998; Mokany, Ash, & Roxburgh, 2008; Seabloom et al., 2015). Both dominant species and keystone species are functionally important, but keystone species are much less abundant (Christianou & Ebenman, 2005; Hurlbert, 1997; Mouquet, Gravel, Massol, & Calcagno, 2013; Power et al., 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are dominant plant species more susceptible to leaf‐mining insects? A case study at Saihanwula Nature Reserve, China

Dai

Long

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Dominant species significantly affect interspecific relationships, community structure, and ecosystem function. In the field, dominant species are often identified by their high importance values. Selective foraging on dominant species is a common phenomenon in ecology. Our hypothesis is that dominant plant groups with high importance values are more susceptible to leaf‐mining insects at the regional level. Here, we used the Saihanwula National Nature Reserve as a case study to examine the presence–absence patterns of leaf‐mining insects on different plants in a forest‐grassland ecotone in Northeast China. We identified the following patterns: (1) After phylogenetic correction, plants with high importance values are more likely to host leafminers at the species, genus, or family level. (2) Other factors including phylogenetic isolation, life form, water ecotype, and phytogeographical type of plants have different influences on the relationship between plant dominance and leafminer presence. In summary, the importance value is a valid predictor of the presence of consumers, even when we consider the effects of plant phylogeny and other plant attributes. Dominant plant groups are large and susceptible targets of leaf‐mining insects. The consistent leaf‐mining distribution pattern across different countries, vegetation types, and plant taxa can be explained by the “species‐area relationship” or the “plant apparency hypothesis.”

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are dominant plant species more susceptible to leaf‐mining insects? A case study at Saihanwula Nature Reserve, China

Dai

Long

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Not all local communities are randomly assembled, however (Götzenberger et al 2012;Rajaniemi et al 2012). Some species may modify local habitat conditions upon arrival, and consequently influence the kind of species that can subsequently establish, facilitating some species with certain ecological traits, while inhibiting others with other traits (Weiher and Keddy 1995;Grime 1998;Lepš et al 2001;Fukami et al 2005). If so, local communities that vary stochastically in the timing of the arrival of key species can diverge in species composition, resulting in higher beta diversity than expected solely from environmental filtering and otherwise random assembly (Chase 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Native Plants Disrupt Dual Promotion of Native Alpha and Beta Diversity

et al. 2013

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Non-native species can alter patterns of species diversity at multiple spatial scales, but the processes that underlie multi-scale effects remain unclear. Here we show that non-native species reduce native diversity at multiple scales through simultaneous disruption of two processes of native community assembly: species immigration, which enhances alpha diversity, and community divergence, which enhances beta diversity. Community divergence refers to the process in which local communities diverge over time in species composition because the history of species immigration and, consequently, the way species affect one another within communities are variable among communities. Continuous experimental removal of species over four years of floodplain succession revealed that, when non-native species were excluded, stochastic variation in the timing of a dominant native species' arrival allowed local communities to diverge, thereby enhancing beta diversity, without compromising promotion of alpha diversity by species immigration. In contrast, when non-native species were allowed to enter experimental plots, they not only reduced native alpha diversity by limiting immigration, but also diminished the dominant native species' role in enhancing native beta diversity. Our results highlight the importance of community assembly and succession for understanding multi-scale effects of non-native species.

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“…Although climate change is likely to affect all components of plant communities, the role of dominant species in maintaining ecosystem functions under altered conditions appears to be of primary importance (Grime 1998, Smith & Knapp 2003, Grman et al 2010. Based on shared responses to the environment or similar effects on ecosystem properties a limited number of plant functional types can be identified within ecosystems (Díaz & Cabido 1997, Hooper et al 2002, Lavorel & Garnier 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant ecophysiological responses to drought, nocturnal warming and variable climate in the Pannonian sand forest-steppe: results of a six-year climate manipulation experiment

2017

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The impacts of year-round nocturnal warming or late spring rain exclusion on three plant functional types were studied in a plot-scale climate simulation experiment in a semiarid sand forest-steppe of Central Hungary. Ecophysiological traits were followed through six years for the C3 bunch grass Festuca vaginata, the spreading C4 grass Cynodon dactylon and shrubsized root suckers of Populus alba. In general, experimental treatments had slighter effects than weather fluctuations yielding extremities did. Populus alba responded to nocturnal warming with developing slenderer leaves. Rain exclusion reduced leaf physiological activity or growth, but only during or just after the treatment, and in certain years. When assessing treatment and background climatic variation effects together, in spring, leaf area growth was consistently stimulated by increasing temperature, but decreased with longer rainless periods for P. alba and F. vaginata. Physiological responses in spring indicated low temperature limitation for C. dactylon, and both low and high temperature control for P. alba. Longer summer droughts reduced leaf gas exchange, particularly for F. vaginata with substantial drop in photochemical activity and chlorophyll content. These results suggest that shallow rooted C3 bunch grasses can be the most susceptible to climatic variation, thus their abundance is expected to decline in the Pannonian forest-steppe. In contrast, plants having deeper roots and clonal integration will probably be less affected by the projected warming and drying climate.C4 photosynthesis or southern geographical distribution may also be beneficial, thus, the abundance of such species is expected to diminish less or even increase.

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Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems: immediate, filter and founder effects

Cited by 2,395 publications

References 66 publications

Are dominant plant species more susceptible to leaf‐mining insects? A case study at Saihanwula Nature Reserve, China

Are dominant plant species more susceptible to leaf‐mining insects? A case study at Saihanwula Nature Reserve, China

Non-Native Plants Disrupt Dual Promotion of Native Alpha and Beta Diversity

Plant ecophysiological responses to drought, nocturnal warming and variable climate in the Pannonian sand forest-steppe: results of a six-year climate manipulation experiment

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