Benefits of refined NH3 emission controls on PM2.5 mitigation in Central China

High efficiency of nitric acid controls in alleviating particulate nitrate in livestock and urban areas in South Korea

“…Moreover, in central China, which is surrounded by rural and urban areas, GEOS-Chem modeling results showed that a reduction in NH 3 emissions by 47% reduced the PM 2.5 concentrations by ∼9% in July and ∼11% in January. 17 By contrast, other modeling studies have shown that reducing NO x emissions would be more effective than reducing NH 3 emissions for controlling PM. [18][19][20] In this study, to determine NH 4 NO 3 formation and related PM pollution conditions, two intensive eld measurements of NH 3 , NO 2 , HNO 3 , and water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) in PM 1.0 were performed in the summer in Gimje, a rural area in South Korea.…”

“…Moreover, in central China, which is surrounded by rural and urban areas, GEOS-Chem modeling results showed that a reduction in NH 3 emissions by 47% reduced the PM 2.5 concentrations by ∼9% in July and ∼11% in January. 17 By contrast, other modeling studies have shown that reducing NO x emissions would be more effective than reducing NH 3 emissions for controlling PM. 18–20 Guo et al (2018) showed that controlling NO x emission would effectively reduce NO 3 − concentrations in an agricultural area in Cabauw, Netherlands.…”

“…Some modeling studies have suggested that reduction of total NH 3 (TA) could be the most effective method to reduce PM concentrations. 9,17 For instance, Franchin et al (2018) used ISORROPIA-II modeling showing that a reduction in the NH 3 concentration by approximately 50% could decrease the PM 1.0 concentration by ∼36% in a rural area in Utah, United States. Moreover, in central China, which is surrounded by rural and urban areas, GEOS-Chem modeling results showed that a reduction in NH 3 emissions by 47% reduced the PM 2.5 concentrations by ∼9% in July and ∼11% in January.…”

24-hour average PM2.5 concentration caused by aircraft in Chinese airports from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2023

“…Second, scholars have applied the comprehensive regional scale models such as the Nested Air-quality Prediction Modeling System (NAQPMS) 27 – 30 , the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMX) 31 , 32 , the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-CHEM) 33 – 35 and the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) 36 – 40 for measurement in more complicated situation, which provide a “one atmosphere” perspective to demonstrate the various atmospheric physical processes and chemical reactions among various pollutants and gas-solid two-phase conversion processes. Third, with the deepening of globalization, more and more scholars take global pollution problem into consideration, which contributes the application of global large-scale models, such as the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers (MOZART) 41 – 43 and the Goddard Earth Observing System-Chemistry (GEOS-CHEM) 44 – 49 . Both are mainly used to simulate the long-distance transportation and chemical reaction process of global scale air pollutants.…”

Tree-Structured Parzan Estimator–Machine Learning–Ordinary Kriging: An Integration Method for Soil Ammonia Spatial Prediction in the Typical Cropland of Chinese Yellow River Delta with Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing Image and Air Quality Data

“…As an alkaline gas, ammonia (NH 3 ) can effectively reduce the occurrence of acid rain [1,2]. NH 3 can be used to synthesize fertilizers, which greatly improves agricultural productivity and meets growing food demand [3].…”