Benefits of Using Dapsone in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19

Kanwar, Badar; Khattak, Asif; Balentine, Jenny; Lee, Jong Hoon; Kast, Richard E.

doi:10.3390/vaccines10020195

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The treatments were administered to patients with decreased FIO 2 (fraction of inspired oxygen) and no further progression of hypoxia. The results were statistically significant according to the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test for the criteria for the effectiveness of dapsone [ 40 , 75 ].…”

Section: Acetylation and Molecular Treatment Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of 30 patients, 16 with dapsone were discharged home, requiring less than 8 L oxygen/min—mostly not more than 5 L oxygen/min; only 6 of 30 patients without dapsone were discharged home ( p < 0.001). This analysis showed a lower risk of death or discharge to long-term acute care hospitals (RR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.84) and a higher likelihood of discharge home (RR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2 to 5.9) with dapsone compared with those receiving the usual standard of care without dapsone [ 75 ].…”

Section: Acetylation and Molecular Treatment Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

COVID-19 Molecular Pathophysiology: Acetylation of Repurposing Drugs

Lee

Kanwar²,

Khattak³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces immune-mediated type 1 interferon (IFN-1) production, the pathophysiology of which involves sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) tetramerization and the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. As a result, type I interferonopathies are exacerbated. Aspirin inhibits cGAS-mediated signaling through cGAS acetylation. Acetylation contributes to cGAS activity control and activates IFN-1 production and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling via STING. Aspirin and dapsone inhibit the activation of both IFN-1 and NF-κB by targeting cGAS. We define these as anticatalytic mechanisms. It is necessary to alleviate the pathologic course and take the lag time of the odds of achieving viral clearance by day 7 to coordinate innate or adaptive immune cell reactions.

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Section: Acetylation and Molecular Treatment Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acetylation and Molecular Treatment Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Molecular Pathophysiology: Acetylation of Repurposing Drugs

Lee

Kanwar²,

Khattak³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…In dermatological use, it is established that dapsone inhibits IL-8 function and reduces neutrophil chemotaxis [83][84][85][86]. Dapsone also lowers IL-8 levels in a variety of settings [75,78,[87][88][89][90].…”

Section: Dapsonementioning

confidence: 99%

MDACT: A New Principle of Adjunctive Cancer Treatment Using Combinations of Multiple Repurposed Drugs, with an Example Regimen

Kast¹,

Alfieri

Assi

et al. 2022

Cancers

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In part one of this two-part paper, we present eight principles that we believe must be considered for more effective treatment of the currently incurable cancers. These are addressed by multidrug adjunctive cancer treatment (MDACT), which uses multiple repurposed non-oncology drugs, not primarily to kill malignant cells, but rather to reduce the malignant cells’ growth drives. Previous multidrug regimens have used MDACT principles, e.g., the CUSP9v3 glioblastoma treatment. MDACT is an amalgam of (1) the principle that to be effective in stopping a chain of events leading to an undesired outcome, one must break more than one link; (2) the principle of Palmer et al. of achieving fractional cancer cell killing via multiple drugs with independent mechanisms of action; (3) the principle of shaping versus decisive operations, both being required for successful cancer treatment; (4) an idea adapted from Chow et al., of using multiple cytotoxic medicines at low doses; (5) the idea behind CUSP9v3, using many non-oncology CNS-penetrant drugs from general medical practice, repurposed to block tumor survival paths; (6) the concept from chess that every move creates weaknesses and strengths; (7) the principle of mass—by adding force to a given effort, the chances of achieving the goal increase; and (8) the principle of blocking parallel signaling pathways. Part two gives an example MDACT regimen, gMDACT, which uses six repurposed drugs—celecoxib, dapsone, disulfiram, itraconazole, pyrimethamine, and telmisartan—to interfere with growth-driving elements common to cholangiocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma, and non-small-cell lung cancer. gMDACT is another example of—not a replacement for—previous multidrug regimens already in clinical use, such as CUSP9v3. MDACT regimens are designed as adjuvants to be used with cytotoxic drugs.

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“…In addition, PQBP1 shows an intracellular receptor in the cGAS-STING pathway for cDNA of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the transmissible neurodegenerative disease protein tau ( Jin et al., 2021 ). Dapsone (4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, DDS) has been linked to an impact on the regulation of NLRP3, which activates mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD, and SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ( Namba et al., 1992 ; McGeer et al., 1992 , 1994 ; Lee et al., 2020b , 2021 ; Kanwar et al., 2021 , 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%