Benefits of weight loss of 10% or more in patients with overweight or obesity: A review

Abstract

Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease that is associated with increased risks of type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, sleep apnea, subfertility, and mortality, among other complications (1). For adults, the World Health Organization (WHO) defines "overweight" and "obesity" as having BMI of 25 kg/m 2 or more and 30 kg/m 2 or more, respectively (2). According to WHO estimates, almost four in ten adults (39%) were overweight and more than one in ten (13%) had obesity in 2016 globally (2). As BMI does not reflect fat distribution, waist circumference provides further information about patient risks of T2D, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, which increase with increasing BMI and waist circumference category (Table 1) (1). Risks of comorbidities and cutoff points for considering therapeutic intervention differ in Asian versus non-Asian populations, with BMI of 23 to 27.5 kg/m 2 conferring increased risk and BMI of 27.5 kg/m 2 or more conferring high risk in Asian individuals (3). Members of Black and some minority ethnic groups are also at increased risk of chronic health conditions at a lower BMI than the White population (BMI < 25 kg/m 2 ) (4).The global prevalence of obesity almost tripled between 1975 and 2016 (2), and it is increasingly becoming a public health priority.Overweight and obesity are responsible for a substantial disease burden and are associated with considerable direct costs (e.g., health care expenditure) and indirect costs (e.g., loss of productivity and gross domestic product [GDP]) (5,6). In 2014, 5% of deaths worldwide were attributable to obesity (7). Health expenditure associated with overweight/obesity is estimated to account for 2% to 8% of total health expenditure, although these values may be underestimates (5).Overweight and obesity and their consequences also negatively affect

Assessing service provision and outcomes at the Canberra Obesity Management Service: A retrospective chart review

“…In total, 68 of the 165 patients (41%) who attended a follow‐up medical assessment at COMS achieved CSWL (previously defined as weight loss of ≥5%) [14], with 46/165 (28%) experiencing large weight loss (weight loss of ≥10%), a measure that may be considered more relevant to this review's population for obesity‐related complications and outcomes (Table 4) [15]. A total of 61 patients (37%) achieved weight stability (defined as a final weight maintained within 3% of the measured commencement weight with COMS) [14].…”

“…In total, 35 of the 42 participants (83.3%) lost ≥5% of their pre‐VLED body weight, representing an improvement in the proportion of VLED participants achieving CSWL from the previous review (17/27, 63%) [8]. Furthermore, 20/42 (47.6%) participants experienced large weight loss (at least 10%) [15]. Proposed reasons for this improvement include greater service familiarity with VLED clinics, more judicious patient selection, and provision of behavior regulation techniques through the COMS Informed Eating group, a psychologist‐led education group that aims to improve participant awareness of, and develop strategies for, disordered eating behaviors [36].…”

“…Of the 234 participants who attended mandatory face-to-face group education sessions followed by medical review, 50 (21.4%) did not attend follow-up medical review but they used allied health services, whereas 165 participants (70.5%) attended follow-up medical review (Table 1). In total, 68 of the 165 patients (41%) who attended a follow-up medical assessment at COMS achieved CSWL (previously defined as weight loss of ≥5%) [14], with 46/165 (28%) experiencing large weight loss (weight loss of ≥10%), a measure that may be considered more relevant to this review's population for obesity-related complications and outcomes (Table 4) [15]. A total of 61 patients (37%) achieved weight stability (defined as a final weight maintained within 3% of the measured commencement weight with COMS) [14].…”

Impact of refitted race‐free eGFR formula on obesity pharmacotherapy options

“…On the other, the lower eGFR derived from the race-free formula may limit treatment options for Black patients with obesity, which could exacerbate racial disparities in care for obesity. This is especially important in light of recent data that greater than 10% weight loss is associated with enhanced health benefits regardless of weight loss modality [45].…”

A purinergic call to arms from dying brown adipocytes

“…For example, only recently has the stable gut hormone analogue semaglutide been approved as an obesity treatment [ 3 ]. Once-weekly injections of this drug to individuals with obesity can induce on average approximately 20% weight loss after one year [ 4 ], enough to improve metabolic health in a major way [ 5 ]. Notably, as with most other current obesity drugs [ 3 ], semaglutide appears to achieve its effects on body weight by reducing calorie intake through targetting feeding centres in the brain [ 6 ].…”