Benefits to Female Helpers in Wild Rhinopithecus roxellana

Xi, Wenzhong; Li, Baoguo; Zhao, Dapeng; Ji, Weihong; Zhang, Peng

doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9260-y

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Although allomothering is a prominent feature of R . roxellana [Xi et al, 2008] and many other colobine species [Maestripieri, 1994], in the present study, there was no positive relationship between group size and female reproductive success such as was proposed by Clutton-Brock et al [2001]. This result is consistent with some reports for other social mammals [e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Impact of Group Size on Female Reproductive Success of Free-Ranging Rhinopithecus roxellana in the Qinling Mountains, China

Zhao¹,

Li²,

Watanabe³

2011

IJFP

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Group size influences female reproductive success through scramble/contest feeding competition, predation pressures and infanticide risks in primates. The Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is an endangered folivorous colobine species living in a multilevel society. From 2002 to 2008, we studied a free-ranging band of R. roxellana in the Qinling Mountains of China to examine the effect of group size on female reproductive success. During our observation period, the number of monkeys in the study band fluctuated from 61 to 108, and the number of one-male/multi-female groups within it varied from 7 to 10. A significant negative linear relationship was found between group size and birth rate, but group size was not significantly correlated with infant survival rate or interbirth interval. These results suggest that group size influences female reproductive success via within-group scramble competition in this folivorous species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Impact of Group Size on Female Reproductive Success of Free-Ranging Rhinopithecus roxellana in the Qinling Mountains, China

Zhao¹,

Li²,

Watanabe³

2011

IJFP

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“…Strong relationships within OMUs may secure cohesion in the midst of a crowded neighborhood, which is particularly useful if coalitions help combat infanticidal males 69 or provide benefit through alloparental care. 46 We believe that weak within-group feeding competition and strong conspecific threat are primary factors in the social organization of snub-nosed monkeys. We nonetheless recognize that phylogeny plays a role in social systems.…”

Section: Conspecific Threat and Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alloparental care, which may be another indication of femalefemale affinity, occurs regularly among both golden snub-nosed monkeys and black snub-nosed monkeys. 9,46 Few studies of snub-nosed monkeys have used individually identified animals and therefore it is difficult to document alloparental care. While alloparental care has yet to be reported for Tonkin snubnosed monkeys and gray snubnosed monkeys, further study may well reveal that this behavior is common in these two species, too.…”

Section: One-male Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snub‐nosed monkeys: Multilevel societies across varied environments

Kirkpatrick¹,

Grüter

2010

Evolutionary Anthropology

108

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The ecology and behavior of the four species of Rhinopithecus, snub-nosed monkeys, are rapidly becoming well known. New field studies reveal in depth the striking adaptations of these colobines. Diets range from those typical for tropical colobines to diets dominated by lichens. The monkeys form bands, at times consisting of more than 400 individuals; these bands are based on the one-male, multi-female units common in colobines. We review the diet, range use, and social organization of snub-nosed monkeys, and then explore the power of socioecological theory to explain their multilevel social organization.Snub-nosed monkeys represent an ecological array, from the Tonkin snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus avunculus) of tropical forests in Vietnam to the black snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) of temperate conifer forests in China. The step-wise gradation of environments provides for a step-wise gradation of behaviors, making this array particularly informative. Further, the harsh environments of black snub-nosed monkeys and golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana), in which snows are common in winter, put their adaptations in stark relief. Snub-nosed monkeys are useful in understanding the behavioral flexibility of primates, as well as in investigating the influence of environment on both feeding ecology and social organization.

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“…Mothers are the principle caretaker of their infants. However, individuals in the same OMU other than the mother have been observed to carry, groom, and even nurse a newborn infant in snub-nosed monkeys (Xi et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal responses to dead infants in Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) in the Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China

Bao-ping

et al. 2012

Primates

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How a nonhuman primate mother responds to her dead infant is an indication of maternal behavior and perspectives on death. Here we describe three cases of a mother's response toward her dead infant in Yunnan snubnosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve in Yunnan, China. The mother, whose infant died at 1 month of age, showed strong maternal affection to the corpse and carried it for 4 days. A mother with a stillborn infant showed similar maternal behavior to her dead offspring, but only held it for 1 day. The mother of an aborted infant abandoned the carcass without carrying it or displaying other forms of maternal behavior. Our results suggest that the mother-infant bond in the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey is strongly influenced by the infants' age. Postdeath infant-carrying behavior could be affected by the combined action of reproductive hormones and the emotional response of the mother. This manuscript represents the first detailed report of a mother carrying her dead infant in this endangered monkey species.

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Benefits to Female Helpers in Wild Rhinopithecus roxellana

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Impact of Group Size on Female Reproductive Success of Free-Ranging Rhinopithecus roxellana in the Qinling Mountains, China

Impact of Group Size on Female Reproductive Success of Free-Ranging Rhinopithecus roxellana in the Qinling Mountains, China

Snub‐nosed monkeys: Multilevel societies across varied environments

Maternal responses to dead infants in Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) in the Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China

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