Bengal Bay clone ST772-MRSA-V outbreak: conserved clone causes investigation challenges

Blomfeldt, Anita; Larssen, Kjersti Wik; Moghen, A.; Haugum, Kjersti; Steen, Tore W.; Jørgensen, Silje Bakken; Aamot, Hege Vangstein

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2016.12.006

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The report of the ST772-MRSA [PVL+] in this study represents an expansion of this clone in Nigeria. The six ST772-MRSA [PVL+] isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, penicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, kanamycin, trimethoprim and tetracycline, similar to the isolates obtained in India [62,63] and Norway [64]. Although it is not possible to establish how this strain was introduced into Jos, this report suggests a possible importation of the Bengal Bay MRSA clone into Jos and other parts of Nigeria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Prevalence and genotypic characteristics of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained in Jos, North Central Nigeria

Essien¹,

Boswihi²,

Agbakoba³

et al. 2021

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that colonizes and causes infections in humans. Panton Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) is a cytolytic toxin produced by some strains of S. aureus and are mostly associated with skin and soft tissue infections and necrotizing pneumonia. Aim: To investigate the prevalence and genotypic characteristics of PVL-positive S. aureus strains cultured from patients in three tertiary hospitals in Jos, Nigeria. Methods: Two hundred and fourteen clinical S. aureus isolates were obtained from three tertiary hospitals in Jos. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect lukSF-PV gene that encodes PVL, and sensitivity to antimicrobial agents was performed on PVL-positive S. aureus. Genotypic characteristics of the PVL-positive S. aureus was determined by spa typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results: The genes for PVL were detected in 67/214 (31.3%) of S. aureus isolates. Majority of the PVL-positive isolates were obtained from wound (n=37; 55.2%), blood (n=11; 16.4%) and urine (n=10; 14.9). Most of PVL-positive isolates (n=58; 34.7%) were methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) while nine isolates (19.1%) were methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Spa typing identified 14 different spa types, dominated by t355 (n=33; 49.3%), followed by t174 (n=7; 10.4%), t019 and t159 (n=5; 7.5%). MLST revealed six sequence types (ST) namely, ST152 (n=35), ST121 (n=9), ST1 (n=8), ST30 (n=8), ST772 (n=6) and ST15 (N=1). Conclusion: This study revealed that 31.3% of S. aureus isolated in Jos hospitals carried genes for PVL, belonged to six sequence types and 14 spa types with t355-ST152-MSSA as the dominant genotype.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Prevalence and genotypic characteristics of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained in Jos, North Central Nigeria

Essien¹,

Boswihi²,

Agbakoba³

et al. 2021

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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“…Strain maps of isolates from Asia and the Pacific are especially diverse, with ST72 (CC8) well described in Korea, ST8 or ST30 in Japan, ST59 in Taiwan, and greater diversity still in China 61,[67][68][69] . ST93 is well described as a major cause of CA-MRSA skin and soft tissue infections specifically among indigenous populations in central Australia, whereas ST772 (the Bengal Bay clone) has spread from its namesake Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean to parts of Pakistan and Nepal, confirming the ongoing emergence of distinct, regionally predominant clones 70,71 .…”

Section: Arginine-catabolic Mobile Elementmentioning

confidence: 98%

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an overview of basic and clinical research

et al. 2019

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First identified in purulent fluid from a leg abscess by Ogston in the 1880s and formally isolated by Rosenbach not long after, Staphylococcus aureus is well adapted to its human host and the health-care environment 1. S. aureus is both a frequent commensal and a leading cause of endocarditis, bacteraemia, osteomyelitis and skin and soft tissue infections. With the rise of hospital-based medicine, S. aureus quickly became a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections as well. Penicillin offered short-lived relief: resistance arose in the 1940s, mediated by the β-lactamase gene blaZ. The first semi-synthetic anti-staphylococcal penicillins were developed around 1960 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was observed within 1 year of their first clinical use. In fact, genomic evidence suggests that methicillin resistance even preceded the first clinical use of anti-staphylococcal penicillins 2. Methicillin resistance is mediated by mecA and acquired by horizontal transfer of a mobile genetic element designated staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) 3. The gene mecA encodes penicillinbinding protein 2a (PBP2a), an enzyme responsible for crosslinking the peptidoglycans in the bacterial cell wall. PBP2a has a low affinity for β-lactams, resulting in resistance to this entire class of antibiotics 4. MRSA was first observed among clinical isolates from patients hospitalized in the 1960s, but since the 1990s it has spread rapidly in the community 5. Although MRSA infection occurs globally, there is no single pandemic strain. Instead, MRSA tends to occur in waves of infection, often characterized by the serial emergence of predominant strains. Recent examples of emergent MRSA strains include the health-careassociated MRSA (HA-MRSA) clonal complex 30 (CC30) in North America and Europe, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) USA300 in North America and livestock-associated MRSA (including ST398) and ST93 in Australia 6-9. Rates of both CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA appear to be declining in several regions, a trend first noted with HA-MRSA in the United Kingdom 10,11. The reason for the serial rise and fall of specific strain types remains poorly understood. MRSA colonization increases the risk of infection, and infecting strains match colonizing strains in as many as 50-80% of cases 12,13. Nearly any item in contact with skin can serve as a fomite in MRSA transmission, from white coats and ties to pens and mobile telephones. Colonization can persist for long periods of time. MRSA may also persist within the home environment, complicating attempts at eradication 14. At the same time, colonization is not static, as strains have been found to evolve and even to be replaced within the same host 15. Endocarditis An infection of the interior heart structures or valves. Osteomyelitis An infection involving bone. Methicillin An anti-staphylococcal penicillin. Fomite An object or material capable of carrying or transmitting infection.

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“…Due to the low diversity among some MRSA isolates belonging to the same clone, methods such as multilocus sequencing typing (MLST), multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE and S. aureus Protein A (spa) typing cannot discriminate all epidemiologically linked cases in certain settings. Therefore, those cases require higher-resolution methods to identify the exact demarcation of the outbreaks [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aureus Protein A ( spa ) typing cannot discriminate all epidemiologically linked cases in certain settings. Therefore, those cases require higher-resolution methods to identify the exact demarcation of the outbreaks [3, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid nanopore-based DNA sequencing protocol of antibiotic-resistant bacteria for use in surveillance and outbreak investigation

et al. 2021

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Outbreak investigations are essential to control and prevent the dissemination of pathogens. This study developed and validated a complete analysis protocol for faster and more accurate surveillance and outbreak investigations of antibiotic-resistant microbes based on Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) DNA whole-genome sequencing. The protocol was developed using 42 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates identified from former well-characterized outbreaks. The validation of the protocol was performed using Illumina technology (MiSeq, Illumina). Additionally, a real-time outbreak investigation of six clinical S. aureus isolates was conducted to test the ONT-based protocol. The suggested protocol includes: (1) a 20 h sequencing run; (2) identification of the sequence type (ST); (3) de novo genome assembly; (4) polishing of the draft genomes; and (5) phylogenetic analysis based on SNPs. After the sequencing run, it was possible to identify the ST in 2 h (20 min per isolate). Assemblies were achieved after 4 h (40 min per isolate) while the polishing was carried out in 7 min per isolate (42 min in total). The phylogenetic analysis took 0.6 h to confirm an outbreak. Overall, the developed protocol was able to at least discard an outbreak in 27 h (mean) after the bacterial identification and less than 33 h to confirm it. All these estimated times were calculated considering the average time for six MRSA isolates per sequencing run. During the real-time S. aureus outbreak investigation, the protocol was able to identify two outbreaks in less than 31 h. The suggested protocol enables identification of outbreaks in early stages using a portable and low-cost device along with a streamlined downstream analysis, therefore having the potential to be incorporated in routine surveillance analysis workflows. In addition, further analysis may include identification of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes for improved pathogen characterization.

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Bengal Bay clone ST772-MRSA-V outbreak: conserved clone causes investigation challenges

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Prevalence and genotypic characteristics of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained in Jos, North Central Nigeria

Prevalence and genotypic characteristics of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained in Jos, North Central Nigeria

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an overview of basic and clinical research

Rapid nanopore-based DNA sequencing protocol of antibiotic-resistant bacteria for use in surveillance and outbreak investigation

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