Benign and Malignant Disease Caused by EBV.

Abstract

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes infectious mononucleosis as a primary disease. The virus infects more than 90% of the average population and persists lifelong in peripheral B-lymphocytes. The virus is produced in the parotid gland and spread via the oral route. Serology suggests that the Epstein-Barr virus might be involved in the causation of two neoplastic diseases of humans: African Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Whereas the development of the lymphoma has an even better linkage with chromosomal rearrangements, nasopharyngeal carcinoma shows a unique association with Epstein-Barr virus. Environmental factors, including traditional Chinese medicine, may be responsible for the enhanced risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in certain, predominantly Chinese, populations of southern Asia. Possible mechanisms leading to the establishment of the neoplastic manifestations will be discussed.

Desired response to phototherapy vs photoaggravation in psoriasis: what makes the difference?

“…All forms of phototherapy have proapoptotic 27 and immunosuppressive properties 27,28 that may act independently or in combination to exert their therapeutic effects. 27 Exposure to UVB [29][30][31] or PUVA [32][33][34][35][36][37][38] may upregulate antipsoriatic cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 and downregulate propsoriatic cytokines such as IL-8, IL-9, IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23, TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma. Simultaneously, UV radiation has the capacity to induce regulatory T cells (Tregs), 34,[39][40][41] which are thought to be crucial in the pathogenesis and response of psoriatic disease to treatment.…”

“…Production and release of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6 and prostaglandins 31,[74][75][76][77][78] [I+A]…”

B-cell lymphoproliferation and lymphomagenesis are associated with clonotypic intracellular terminal regions of the Epstein-Barr virus

“…African Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is an endemic, monoclonal B-cell lymphoma; in virtually all cases, the tumor cells harbor EBV and bear chromosomal translocations associated with transcriptional deregulation of the c-myc proto-oncogene (12,13,41). EBV is also found in the tumor cells of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a tumor which lacks consistent cytogenetic abnormalities (46). The etiologic significance of EBV in BL and NPC has been difficult to ascertain.…”

ETV6/RUNX1 fusion gene and its active role

“…Also, populations mixing can be as a leukemic transformation factor. But the important factor is infection (figure 3) which can be as a trigger the progression of preleukemia to acute leukemia like ALL [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”