Benign prostatic hyperplasia and urinary symptoms: Evaluation and treatment

Abstract

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common conditions affecting middle-aged men. This condition can be microscopic, macroscopic, symptomatic, or asymptomatic. Up to 15% to 25% of men aged 50-65 years have lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) consisting of nocturia, urgency, frequency, a sensation of not completely emptying the bladder, stop-start urination, straining to urinate, a need to urinate soon after voiding, and weak urinary stream. These symptoms usually are associated with benign enlargement of the prostate gland that is of sufficient severity to interfere with a man's quality of life. Although LUTS is often associated with BPH, LUTS can also be due to various unrelated syndromes such as heart failure, urinary tract infections, and diabetes. Most men will have benign hyperplasia of the prostate gland and this benign growth compresses the urethra resulting in LUTS. This article will discuss the evaluation, pharmacological management, minimally invasive treatment, and surgical therapy of this common condition affecting millions of American men.

Corn silk extract improves benign prostatic hyperplasia in experimental rat model

“…There are reports indicating that if such medication stops, not only can urination disorders recur, but also side effects of the drug, such as impotence, loss of libido, hypotension, and tachycardia, can arise [ 11 12 ]. Thus, many researchers have reported that natural plants, such as extracts of tomato and black raspberry, are useful for prevention and treatment of BPH through their capacity to regulate expressions of DHT, 5α-R2, AR, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) [ 13 14 15 16 ].…”

Silencing of URG11 expression inhibits the proliferation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in benign prostatic hyperplasia cells via the RhoA/ROCK1 pathway

“…The exclusion criteria were as follows: Prostate carcinoma, bladder cancer, urethral stricture; cardiovascular, liver, kidney and hematopoietic disease and mental illness. Serums were separated by centrifugation (1,200 x g, 10 min, 4˚C) 2 h following collection, and the supernatant serum was then frozen at -80˚C until further analysis. The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.…”

“…Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has become a common and frequently-occurring disease among elderly men worldwide, following the improvements in living standards and the prolongation of average life expectancies (1). Age, growth and testicular function have previously been revealed to affect the pathogenesis of BPH (2); however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.…”

Zinc Deficiency in Men Over 50 and Its Implications in Prostate Disorders

“…Within the first 20 years of BPH development, it is defined by an increase in the number of BPH nodules, while during the second phase, BPH is primarily characterized by an increase in the size of glandular nodules (7,8). Problems for patients can arise in two ways, by direct bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to size of the enlarged prostate (static component) or by an increase in smooth muscle tone within the prostate (dynamic component), potentially manifesting in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) (6,9,10). BPH is a common age-related phenomenon in men.…”