Benthic status of near-shore fishing grounds in the central Philippines and associated seahorse densities

Marcus, Jean; Samoilys, Melita; Meeuwig, Jessica J.; Villongco, Z.A.D.; Vincent, Amanda C. J.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.04.011

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The 1997/1998 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) further resulted in the massive decline of live coral cover in the Philippines (Arceo et al 2001) and subsequent decline in reef fish populations in many parts of the world (Graham et al 2008). A recent report of Marcus et al (2007) states that based on 28 coral reef fishing grounds examined in central Philippines, the magnitude of coral-reef destruction is alarming; these authors reported that only 12% of the reefs are covered with live coral and the rest is covered with abiotic structures (69%, e.g., coral rubble) and Sargassum (11%). Although only a few fish species are heavily coral dependent, most reef fishes are reliant on the reef matrix for protection at some stage in their life cycle (Graham et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories and magnitude of change in coral reef fish populations in Philippine marine reserves: a meta-analysis

et al. 2009

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Marine reserves are widely implemented worldwide to meet both conservation and fisheries management goals. This study examines the efficacy of Philippine marine reserves using meta-analysis by comparing variations in fish density (1) between reserves and adjacent fished reefs (spatial comparison), (2) within reserves before establishment relative to years following the establishment (temporal comparison), and (3) among reserves classified based on size, age, and enforcement capacity. A grand (total) mean of nineteen 22.3 ha coral reef reserves, protected for a mean duration of 8.2 years, were included in the meta-analyses. The overall density of fishes was higher in the reserves compared with the fished reefs and this difference was largely accounted for by exploited fishes. However, the overall density of fishes within the same reserves remained similar from the period before its establishment to several years following its establishment.Only the density of nonexploited fishes increased significantly during years subsequent to the establishment of the reserves. Neither age nor size of reserves correlated with pattern of change in fish density following the establishment of the reserves; however, fish density was consistently higher in larger and older reserves relative to smaller and younger reserves in the spatial comparison. Furthermore, well-enforced reserves had higher density of exploited fishes relative to less-enforced reserves in both spatial and temporal comparisons. In general, the magnitude and trajectory of change in fish density following the establishment of Philippine marine reserves are influenced by (1) functional groups of fishes under consideration, (2) size and age of the reserve, and (3) level of enforcement of the regulatory mechanisms necessary to sustain a marine reserve.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories and magnitude of change in coral reef fish populations in Philippine marine reserves: a meta-analysis

et al. 2009

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“…slow‐moving, limited home ranges, mate‐fidelity and low fecundity relative to other fish species), and current seahorse harvest rates warrant concern (Vincent et al ., ). In addition, seahorses are sensitive to habitat degradation caused by trawling on soft‐bottom environments, dynamiting on coral reefs and other destructive capture methods (Duarte, ; Marcus et al ., ), further impeding population recovery. The geographic range, population size and habitat preferences for many species are still unknown, creating uncertainty in conservation assessments to evaluate the effects of trade and habitat degradation on wild populations.…”

Section: New Records Of Hippocampus Mohnikei From Cambodia Malaysiamentioning

confidence: 99%

New records of the Japanese seahorse Hippocampus mohnikei in Southeast Asia lead to updates in range, habitat and threats

Aylesworth

Lawson

Laksanawimol

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Biology

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New records of the Japanese seahorse Hippocampus mohnikei from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam, along with recently published studies from India and Singapore, have greatly expanded the known range of H. mohnikei within Southeast Asia. These new records reveal novel habitat preferences and threats to H. mohnikei in the region. Although the global conservation status of H. mohnikei is classified as Data Deficient according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, new sightings indicate that this species is found in similar habitats and faces similar threats as other Hippocampus species that are considered Vulnerable.

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“…In Florida, populations of H. zosterae and S. scovelli in Tampa Bay declined during demolition and construction phases of two nearby marina projects that damaged seagrass habitats (Masonjones et al , 2010). In the Philippines, coral reefs that had been degraded by blast and poison fishing had very low densities of Hippocampus comes Cantor 1849 (Marcus et al , 2007). A fourth example points to the need to assess habitat damage carefully: the eelgrass in damaged vegetation was in sufficiently good condition that Stigmatopora nigra Kaup 1856 preferred the vegetation over more open areas (Connolly, 1994).…”

Section: Effects Of Habitat Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation and management of seahorses and other Syngnathidae

Vincent

Foster

Koldewey

2011

Journal of Fish Biology

246

233

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This article analyses the pressures on seahorses and explores conservation responses. It focuses on seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) but also considers pipefishes and seadragons, especially where they can fill gaps in seahorse knowledge. The charisma of many syngnathids can make them good flagship species for threats and solutions in marine conservation. The article combines a synthesis of published literature with new data on the trade in seahorses for traditional medicine, aquarium display and curiosities. Most traded seahorses come from trawl by-catch, although seahorses are also targeted. The total extraction is large, tens of millions of animals annually, and unsustainable. A first review of the effect of habitat change on syngnathids raises many questions, while suggesting that some species may cope better than others. The combination of pressures means that many species of syngnathid are now included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species or national equivalents. In addition, seahorse exports from 175 countries are limited to sustainable levels under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild Fauna and Flora. Possible conservation measures include marine protected areas, fisheries management, select aquaculture ventures, trade regulation, improved governance (particularly) and consumer engagement.

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Benthic status of near-shore fishing grounds in the central Philippines and associated seahorse densities

Cited by 31 publications

References 37 publications

Trajectories and magnitude of change in coral reef fish populations in Philippine marine reserves: a meta-analysis

Trajectories and magnitude of change in coral reef fish populations in Philippine marine reserves: a meta-analysis

New records of the Japanese seahorse Hippocampus mohnikei in Southeast Asia lead to updates in range, habitat and threats

Conservation and management of seahorses and other Syngnathidae

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