An extensive sampling of Lake Mikri Prespa was carried out in summer 1990, aimed at evaluating benthic abundance, recording the species involved and detecting their response to some environmental variables. Three oligochaete species are endemic to the region, Potamothrixprespaensis, Psammoo,ctides ochridanus variabilis and Psammoo'ctides ochridanus typica. The bathymetric curve of the benthos resembles that of eutrophic lakes. A great abundance of Chironomus plumosus and Chaoborusflavicans occurred. Four community patterns were revealed by TWINSPAN analysis, division level two, explicitly discriminated by the influence of substrate type, depth, C/N ratio and pH. Species richness and diversity was minimal in the profundal and maximal in the shallows, whilst the equitability index was high in all site groups. Depth and bottom type were the most important variables in defining species distribution. More precisely, Chironomus plumosus, Chaoborus flavicans and Pommothix hammoniensis were ubiquitous, preferring mostly deep waters. Tanymrsus sp., Einfeldia dissidens, Cladopelma lateralis, Tanypus ptmctipemlis and Potamothrix prespaensis favoured shallower and less productive waters with a bottom rich in decaying plant fragments, and the Psammoo,ctides species showed a littoral origin and regular occurrence on gravel beds. A few species displayed a particular distribution with changes of depth, C/N ratio and pH.