Benzene alkylation with ethylene: The way to increase the process efficiency

Khlebnikova, Elena; Ivashkina, Elena; Dolganova, Irena

doi:10.1016/j.cep.2017.07.002

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…), and since the minimum increment to the interface thickness is equal to one grid point, i.e. comparable with the size of the interface, these increments are well visible in figure 2e 4. As can be seen in figure2d, for the chosen set of parameters the overall changes of the inclusion's volume are relatively small, and hence some fluctuations on these curves are also visible.…”

mentioning

confidence: 55%

“…The typical scale of the velocity field is µ 1/2 * . The parameter A = a/b comes from the equation for the free energy function (4), and this parameter determines the thermodynamic states of the mixture.…”

Section: Governing Equations Phase-field Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost all ethylbenzene is synthesized from benzene and ethylene. In one of the variations of the process the alkylation is performed in the presence of mineral (Lewis) acids that are used as catalysts [1,3,4]. These acids are highly toxic and corrosive and are frequently neutralised at the end of the reaction producing salts that need to be disposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Modelling of the rise and absorption of a fluid inclusion

Vorobev

Khlebnikova

2018

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The buoyancy-driven rise of a small single fluid inclusion in a viscous liquid that is enclosed in a container of the cylindrical shape is numerically modelled. It is additionally assumed that the inclusion is slowly absorbed by the surrounding liquid. The phase-field approach is used as a physics-based model for the description of the thermo-and hydrodynamic evolution of a miscible heterogeneous binary mixture. The interplay of the effects of absorption and inclusion's motion are investigated. We found that the dissolution of a nearly spherical inclusion does not occur evenly over its surface. The interfacial diffusion is stronger at the inclusion's top cap. The matter absorbed by the liquid does not quickly penetrate into the bulk of the ambient phase, it accumulates behind the inclusion forming a concentration wake. We found that during the rise the inclusion's speed grows. The speed and the acceleration of the inclusion strongly depend on the absorption rate, so the inclusion rises faster at the higher absorption rates. This effect is explained by the action of the Marangoni stress that is developed due to non-uniform mixture composition along the inclusion's surface. We also found that the rise of the inclusion in a closed container is accompanied by the recirculation flow that is developed near the inclusion and that rises upwards with the inclusion. In the limit of negligible absorption (higher Peclet numbers) the convergence to a constant terminal speed of an immiscible inclusion is observed.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Governing Equations Phase-field Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modelling of the rise and absorption of a fluid inclusion

Vorobev

Khlebnikova

2018

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The upper part of the reactive distillation is filled with a catalyst, and the alkylation is processed simultaneously with rectification. Khlebnikova et al improved the process efficiency by intensifying the reagents’ mixing before the alkylation reactor . In order to save separation energy consumption and capital cost, a dividing-wall column, heat-integrated column configured with a side reactor, and heat pump distillation integrated with vapor recompression have been used in EB production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiobjective Economic-Environmental-Selectivity Optimization of the Dry Gas Based Ethylbenzene Production Process

Han

Zhao

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ethylbenzene production process from dry gas has been an energy-intensive process that will inevitably bring about massive carbon emissions. With increasingly stringent regulations to mitigate the effect of greenhouse gas emissions, decision-makers need to make a trade-off among the objectives of environmental impact, economic benefit, and process indicators. An integrated framework combining simulation and multiobjective optimization is proposed to address this issue. The model of the dry gas based ethylbenzene production process is developed by Aspen Plus. The multiobjective optimization (MOO) model, including the profit before tax (PBT), greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), and alkylation reaction selectivity (S AR ), is then derived considering the operational flexibility and mass and energy balance constraints. The Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is used to solve this problem, and the three-dimensional Pareto front is obtained. The TOPSIS method is employed to select a specific solution from the Pareto front. Then, the sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the effects of the decision variables on the objectives. Compared with the original operating conditions, a substantial reduction in GHGs (23%) and a slight increase in PBT (4.1%) are achieved at the expense of specific S AR (5.3%).

show abstract

“…Models of benzene alkylation with ethylene [31,32] and benzene alkylation with higher alkenes [33,34] have been developed. These models consider the processes of instability and catalyst deactivation by heavy aromatic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonsteady-state mathematical modelling of H₂SO₄-catalysed alkylation of isobutane with alkenes

Ivashkina

Иванчина

Dolganov

et al. 2021

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

H2SO4-catalysed isobutane alkylation with alkenes is an important industrial process used to obtain high-octane alkylate. In this process, the concentration of H2SO4 is one of the main parameters. For alkylation, sulphuric acid containing 88%–98% monohydrate is typically used. However, only a H2SO4 concentration of 95%–96% enables alkylate with the maximum octane number to be obtained. Changes in H2SO4 concentration due to decontamination are the main cause of process variations. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the reactor acid concentration at a constant level by regulating the supply of fresh catalyst and pumping out any spent acid. The main reasons for the decrease in the H2SO4 concentration are accumulation of high-molecular organic compounds and dilution by water. One way to improve and predict unsteady alkylation processes is to develop a mathematical model that considers catalyst deactivation. In the present work, the formation reactions of undesired substances were used in the description of the alkylation process, indicating the sensitivity of the prediction to H2SO4 activity variations. This was used for calculation the optimal technological modes ensuring the maximum selectivity and stability of the chemical–technological system under varying hydrocarbon feedstock compositions.

show abstract

Benzene alkylation with ethylene: The way to increase the process efficiency

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Modelling of the rise and absorption of a fluid inclusion

Modelling of the rise and absorption of a fluid inclusion

Multiobjective Economic-Environmental-Selectivity Optimization of the Dry Gas Based Ethylbenzene Production Process

Nonsteady-state mathematical modelling of H₂SO₄-catalysed alkylation of isobutane with alkenes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Benzene alkylation with ethylene: The way to increase the process efficiency

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Modelling of the rise and absorption of a fluid inclusion

Modelling of the rise and absorption of a fluid inclusion

Multiobjective Economic-Environmental-Selectivity Optimization of the Dry Gas Based Ethylbenzene Production Process

Nonsteady-state mathematical modelling of H2SO4-catalysed alkylation of isobutane with alkenes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Nonsteady-state mathematical modelling of H₂SO₄-catalysed alkylation of isobutane with alkenes