Benzene, toluene and xylenes levels in new and used vehicles of the same model

Faber, J.; Brodzik, Krzysztof; Gołda-Kopek, Anna; Łomankiewicz, Damian

doi:10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60333-7

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The model needs to be validated for other types of particulate pollutants (e.g., black carbon and PM 2.5 ), which are also of significant health concerns in motorvehicle environments. In addition, previous studies reported that engine/fuel system leaks may contribute to high levels of carcinogenic organic gas compounds (e.g., benzene, toluene, xylene, and methyl-tertiary butyl ether) in vehicle cabins (Duffy and Nelson, 1997;Faber et al, 2013;Fedoruk and Kerger, 2003;Jo and Park, 1998). The current model is limited to account for chemical reactions and secondary particle formations.…”

Section: Model Limitation and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine particle infiltration into passenger vehicles. Part II: Model analysis

Lee

Stenstrom

Zhu

2015

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

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Section: Model Limitation and Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine particle infiltration into passenger vehicles. Part II: Model analysis

Lee

Stenstrom

Zhu

2015

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

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“…Although those compounds are known to be exhaust gases emission markers, their concentrations in new vehicles were even ten times higher than in used vehicles. Concentrations of toluene and isomers of xylene increased with the mileage increase, but did not exceed the initial concentrations (Faber et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Comparison of Air Pollution by VOCs Inside the Cabins of New Vehicles

Faber¹,

Brodzik²,

Gołda-Kopek³

et al. 2014

ENRR

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Air composition inside the cabins of nine new vehicles of the same model, but with different interior equipments and materials used, was examined. Air samples were collected short after vehicles' production date. None of the vehicle was driven before sampling. Air pollution was assessed on the basis of the concentration of different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and total VOC. Since only new vehicles were under study, it can be stated that different VOCs, present in vehicle cabin, were emitted from interior materials. The main aim of the present work was to answer the question about the representativeness of collected air samples and intra-model variability of VOCs concentrations. Air samples were collected by an active method onto duplicate Carbograph 1TD and Tenax TA sorbents. VOCs were thermally desorbed and analyzed with the use of the TD-GC-FID/MS method. Quantitative and qualitative analyses as well as statistical calculations were performed. Total VOCs concentration ranged from 1.5 to 2.1 mg/m 3 in vehicles tested. About 200 different organic compounds were detected in each vehicle interior. Strong linear correlation was observed for concentrations of some kind of compounds.

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“…After the 10, 20 and 30 days, the HCHO pollution decrease by 34.1%, 56.9% and 73.6%, respectively. For the HCHO and VOCs pollution mainly comes from cabin indoor materials including leather trims, organic solvents, paints, adhesives and so on [11][12][13]25 . In contrast with old vehicles, new vehicles have the newer materials with the stronger HCHO emissions, which lead to the higher HCHO pollution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor air formaldehyde (HCHO) pollution of urban coach cabins

Qin

Guo

Zhou

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Urban coach cabin is an important indoor environment for long journey, formaldehyde (HcHo) is a carcinogenic gas and damages indoor air quality of cabins. in order to control the HcHo pollution, the air samples inside cabins were analysed with a thermally desorbed gas chromatograph, and the HcHo diffusion was simulated with a methodology of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Results show that through the experimental monitoring, the HCHO pollution level range from 33.6 to 142.3 μg/m 3 , decrease quickly with time, and the attenuation trendline is univariate cubic equation. through the cfD simulation, the indoor temperature and HcHo level of cabin front and rear ends are higher than ones of other areas for the insufficient air supply and the unreasonable arrangement of air exhaust outlet. Moreover, through the cfD simulation, the HcHo level decreases with height growth of breathing zone and increasing air supply speed, and fresh air lead to diffusion of HCHO pollution from cabin seat area to the surrounding area. through the cfD simulation, the HcHo pollution under the wind speeds of 3~5 m/s is higher than the HCHO limit level from indoor air standard of China vehicles, which shows that the HcHo emission of cabin seat has an important impact on airborne HcHo pollution inside vehicle cabins. According to the year 2017 statistic bulletin of traffic industry development from the Transportation Ministry of China, the total of urban vehicles was 3.1 × 10 8 and the annual capacity of passengers transported by the vehicles was 7.2 × 10 11. For people often go working, shopping, traveling, school, home and lengthy commutes by driving or taking a vehicle such as a car, taxi, bus or coach, vehicle cabins have been recognized as important indoor environment, which result into indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort of vehicle cabins to be a hot research 1-8. However, vehicle cabins have presented airborne formaldehyde (HCHO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollution, which damage vehicle IAQ 9-15. For example, more than 260 VOCs 16 were detected in the vehicle cabins and the maximum level of total VOCs was 6.90 mg/m 3. Moreover, the HCHO pollution was relatively abundant in the coach cabins, and the HCHO highest level of 0.16 mg/m 3 was observed on the 15th day after coming off the assembly line 11. Except to pollute vehicle IAQ, the HCHO and VOCs pollution lead to the unacceptable health risks to passengers and drivers 17-19. In order to decrease the health risks, China government promulgated the hygienic standard for air quality inside long distance coach (GB/T 17729-2009) and the guideline for air quality assessment of passenger car (GB/T 27630-2011), with the HCHO limit levels of 0.12 and 0.10 mg/m 3 respectively. However, the average/maximal HCHO levels in car cabins were 132.0/251.6 μg/m 3 , which were 1.10/2.10 and 1.32/2.52 times more than the HCHO limit levels of IAQ standards on China coaches (GB/T 17729-2009) and passenger cars (GB/T 27630-2011) respectively 20. The HCHO average level in taxi cabins wa...

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Benzene, toluene and xylenes levels in new and used vehicles of the same model

Cited by 41 publications

References 21 publications

Ultrafine particle infiltration into passenger vehicles. Part II: Model analysis

Ultrafine particle infiltration into passenger vehicles. Part II: Model analysis

Comparison of Air Pollution by VOCs Inside the Cabins of New Vehicles

Indoor air formaldehyde (HCHO) pollution of urban coach cabins

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