Benzenoids

Boot, Michael

doi:10.1002/9783527685318.ch7

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Indeed, these systems possess physicochemical properties (i.e., high octane number, high boiling point, poor miscibility with water) close to those of conventional fuels, which makes them promising biofuel candidates. [114] 3 ). [114] Furthermore, the low market price of furfural makes the hydrogenation-hydrogenolysis of FU an attractive route to obtain 2-MF (Scheme 4).…”

Section: Lohcs In Furan-based Fuels and Additives Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) as H‐Source for Bio‐Derived Fuels and Additives Production

Valentini

Marrocchi

Vaccaro

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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consumption combined with a resource efficient circular economy approach, with the final goal of minimizing the impact of health, safety, security and environment.In the design of a greener future, the replacement of depleting sources with renewable ones is at the center of a sustainable development. [2] Biomass is a natural, abundant, renewable, carbon-neutral source; its use represents a promising strategy to address the need for substituting fossil feedstock in the preparation of chemicals, fuels, and materials, besides energy production. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The major issues that limit the large-scale utilization of biomass in fuel production are the differences in cost and process efficiencies compared to those for fossil fuels. [15] After the Covid-19 crisis, this aspect has become even more evident, as reported by the International Agency of Energy, ultimately causing the first contraction in biofuel production over the past two decades. [16] The reduced transport fuel demand and the decreased petroleum-based fuel prices have transitorily lowered the economic interest for biofuel production. In this pandemic and emergency scenario, therefore, has emerged even more clearly the importance of developing efficient strategies for biomass conversion into fuels, making economically attractive the use of environmentally friendly renewable energy systems (Figure 1). [17] Among the plethora of biomass transformations, hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation reactions are widely used for decreasing the oxygen content of biomass-derived platforms to increase their potential as fuels. [18][19][20] In this context, as well as in the challenging goal of creating a decarbonized energy system, hydrogen plays a prominent role in the chemical industry. [21][22][23][24] It is important to notice that the vast majority of the worldwide hydrogen production (45-65 Mt/year) features a significant CO 2 footprint as a consequence of different hydrocarbon reforming processes (i.e., steam-reforming of fossil fuels, thermal cracking of natural gas, solar-thermal reforming of methane) or of coal gasification. [25] Several efforts have been directed during the past years toward the definition of possible effective approaches to a green H 2 production by water splitting. [26][27][28][29][30][31] To date, however, both water electrolysis and photo-driven water splitting are economically and energetically unfavorable, with a long way ahead to hold the promise of a zero-carbon energy system. Indeed, the associated energy demand as well as the low market prices of oxygen, inevitably co-produced from water electrolysis, hinder the shaping of a large-scale employment of this technology.Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are attractive materials for their ability to generate in situ hydrogen that may be directly used to produce target biofuel precursors, fuels or fuel additives. Indeed, the replacement of fossil feedstock is an urgent necessity for shifting toward a carbon neutral energy economy. Several desired chemica...

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Section: Lohcs In Furan-based Fuels and Additives Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[114] 3 ). [114] Furthermore, the low market price of furfural makes the hydrogenation-hydrogenolysis of FU an attractive route to obtain 2-MF (Scheme 4).…”

Section: Lohcs In Furan-based Fuels and Additives Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) as H‐Source for Bio‐Derived Fuels and Additives Production

Valentini

Marrocchi

Vaccaro

2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…2,5-Dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) (Chart 1) has become attractive as a biofuel candidate because of its physicochemical properties which are very close to that of conventional fuels. 107 For example, it shows an octane number (119) higher than those of gasoline and ethanol, low water solubility (0.26%), and high boiling point (92−94 °C). The preferred pathway for the synthesis of 2,5-DMF starts at 5hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), which, analogously to LA, is identified as a biomass-based platform molecule.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45 5-HMF can be synthesized from fructose, glucose, or polysaccharides through dehydration; the conversion of HMF to DMF proceeds through hydrogenation followed by the hydrogenolysis of the hydroxyl groups of the 2,5-hydroxymethyl furan intermediate. 107 Saha et al 108 explored the formation of 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) from different sources, i.e., fructose, α-cellulose, sugar cane bagasse, and agar, using FA as the hydrogen source. More specifically, the reaction involved two steps: (i) the formation of Two significant examples demonstrating the efficiency of a Pd/C catalyst have been reported by Rauchfuss and coworkers 109,110 When using 5 mol % Pd/C, 109 an excess of FA (10 equiv), and dioxane as solvent, an HMF conversion value of 95% was achieved (120 °C).…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Biomass Upgrading Exploiting Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs)

Ferlin

Valentini

Marrocchi

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The use of hydrogen at high-pressure is associated with major safety concerns, storage, and high cost. Therefore, the development of reductive chemical processes based on the use of low-pressure hydrogen is very attractive in view of an industrial-scale application. This perspective focuses on the most representative studies reported until 2021 dealing with the reductive manipulation processes of diverse biomass-based feedstock utilizing alternative liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs). In this context, the research has been dedicated mainly to formic acid and small molecular alcohols, specifically isopropanol. The perspective illustrates the transformations of biobased platform molecules, such as levulinic acid, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, into valuable products, including biofuels. In addition, the lignin upgrading mediated by these H2 sources is discussed.

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Valeric Biofuels from Biomass‐Derived γ‐Valerolactone: A Critical Overview of Production Processes

Martínez Figueredo,

Martínez,

Segobia

et al. 2023

ChemPlusChem

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This review analyzes critically the production of valeric biofuels from γ‐valerolactone, a relevant biomass‐derived platform molecule. Initially, the main properties of valeric esters as fuels for spark‐ and compression‐ignition engines are summarized. Then, catalytic routes to valeric esters from γ‐valerolactone are meticulously analyzed, describing the acid‐ and metal‐catalyzed reactions taking part in the tandem catalysis. Only works focused on the production of the valeric biofuels were considered, excluding the cases where these esters were observed in minor amounts or as byproducts. The role of the appropriate selection of the support, catalytic species, catalyst preparation and experimental conditions on the valeric ester productivity are thoroughly commented. Finally, some concluding remarks and perspectives are given, mentioning the areas where additional efforts must be done in order to turn the dream of a massive and renewable valeric biofuel production into a reality.

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Benzenoids

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) as H‐Source for Bio‐Derived Fuels and Additives Production

Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) as H‐Source for Bio‐Derived Fuels and Additives Production

Catalytic Biomass Upgrading Exploiting Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs)

Valeric Biofuels from Biomass‐Derived γ‐Valerolactone: A Critical Overview of Production Processes

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