Benzimidazolium surfactants for modification of clays for use with styrenic polymers

Costache, Marius C.; Heidecker, Matthew; Manias, Evangelos; Gupta, Rakesh; Wilkie, Charles A.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.08.001

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Sonication is the most common approach, but severe sonication might reduce the lengths of the sheets. Non-covalent functionalization, such as the use of surfactants, has regularly been used to overcome filler entanglements as a result of Van der Waals forces [11][12][13]. Ion or electron beam irradiation of nanocomposites has been used to modify the morphology and properties of composites [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of surfactant and radiation treatment on the morphology and properties of PP/EG composites

et al. 2015

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The effects of surfactant and electron beam (EB) radiation treatment on the morphology and properties of polypropylene (PP)/expanded graphite (EG) composites were investigated. Surfactant treatment and sonication of EG before mixing with PP significantly influenced the morphologies of the composites, and the modification of EG with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) had a strong negative influence on the electrical conductivities of these composites. The electrical percolation concentration is shifted from 5 to 6 wt% filler to about 10 wt% filler in the presence of SDS. The melting and crystallization temperatures of PP in the composites were not affected by surfactant or EB radiation treatment. There were small differences in PP crystallinity, depending on the type and combination of treatments. The filler particles acted as nucleating agents and the crystallization temperatures shifted to higher temperatures. The thermal stability of PP was significantly higher after irradiation, and improved even further for the samples containing EG, but the presence of EG had little influence on the thermal stabilities of the non-irradiated composites. For both non-irradiated and irradiated composites the maximum tensile stress and elongation at break values are lower than the neat matrix, while the tensile modulus increased significantly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of surfactant and radiation treatment on the morphology and properties of PP/EG composites

et al. 2015

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“…The synthesis of 1,3-dihexadecyl-3H-benzimidazolium bromide has been performed in two steps [14]. First, in a round bottom flask equipped with condenser, 120 ml THF and 12 g (300 mmol)NaOH powder were stirred at 60 o C for 20 min.…”

Section: Preparation Of Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modified clays were prepared also following Costache's description [14]. 20 g of Na-montmonrillonite was initially dispersed overnight in 700 ml of 3:1 ethanol/water (v/v) with a vigorous stirring, using a magnetic stirrer.…”

Section: Preparation Of Organic Clay and Polymer Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is acceptable for some polymers, but for high-performance engineering polymers, such as polyamide-6, polyamide-66, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyphenylene sulfide and polytetrafluoroethylene, surfractants which have higher thermal stability are required to modify the clays in order to satisfy the temperature of preparing nanocomposites by melt intercalation. Therefore, a series of new surfactants, such as imidazolium, phosphonium and benzimidazole [12][13][14][15], has been developed to meet this requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of benzimidazolium salt on dispersion and properties of polyphenylene sulfide/organic clay nanocomposites via melt intercalation

2015

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Nanocomposites of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) were prepared with a benzimidazolium surfactant used as organic modification for the montmorillonite (MMT) by melt blending. The benzimidazolium-modifided MMT (Bz-MMT) exhibited a large interlayer spacing of 3.26 nm and showed a high thermal stability compared to the commonly used clay modified by alkyl ammonium salts (DK-1N). The morphology of the polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)/Bz-MMT nanocomposites were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed good overall dispersion of the MMT in PPS matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to evaluate the thermal properties of polymer/clay nanocomposites. The results of DSC showed the addition of MMT resulted in heterogeneous nucleation crystallization of PPS. The results of TGA showed the thermal stability of the polymer/ clay nanocomposits was enhanced. The rheological properties of nanocomposites were also evaluated by a Anton Paar rheometer. The results indicated that the addition of Bz-MMT nanoplatelets affected the linear viscoelastic behavior of the PPS matrix by increasing the viscosity.

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“…And after sufficient thermal decomposition, the well-constructed nanocomposite returns to a microcomposite structure and all nanocomposite characteristics are lost. [13][14][15][16] Afterward, the use of a more thermally stable organic modifier, such as imidazolium [17][18][19][20] or phosphonium compounds, 21 was proposed as a thermally stable clay modifier. However, the less availability and difficulty in ensuring the good interaction with a polymer affected the use of these modifiers for clay.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Candid Approach to Clay Modification via Dehydroxylation for Nanocomposites Application: Investigation of Degradation Kinetics, Reaction Model, and Flammability

2014

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ABSTRACT:A candid approach to thermal dehydroxylation was used for the modification of clay, to achieve improved thermal stability of a polymer nanocomposite. The modification of clay using alkyl ammonium salt has been found disadvantageous due to various aspects; hence the approach to dehydroxylation was an innovative step to overcome the difficulties in achieving a thermally stable polymer clay nanocomposite. Therefore, a detailed study of thermal stability of polymer clay nanocomposites has been carried out using isoconversional TGA methods of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger. Also, the reaction model involved in the decomposition process of polypropylene (PP) and its nanocomposites have been investigated. From the thermal kinetic analysis, it was clear that the thermal dehydroxylation method can be used as an effective approach for clay modification and the use of organic alkyl ammonium salt can be avoided. Furthermore, to predict the flame-retardant effectiveness of the thermally dehydroxylated clay, the cone calorimeter analysis was carried out. A comparison of the flame-retardant effectiveness of the organophillic clay and thermally dehydroxylated clay was presented. C

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Benzimidazolium surfactants for modification of clays for use with styrenic polymers

Cited by 46 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of surfactant and radiation treatment on the morphology and properties of PP/EG composites

Effect of surfactant and radiation treatment on the morphology and properties of PP/EG composites

Effect of benzimidazolium salt on dispersion and properties of polyphenylene sulfide/organic clay nanocomposites via melt intercalation

A Candid Approach to Clay Modification via Dehydroxylation for Nanocomposites Application: Investigation of Degradation Kinetics, Reaction Model, and Flammability

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