Benzo[b]fluoranthene, a Potential Alternative to Benzo[a]pyrene as an Indicator of Exposure to Airborne PAHs in the Vicinity of Söderberg Aluminum Smelters

Aubin, Simon; Farant, Jean-Pierre

doi:10.1080/10473289.2000.10464236

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, each pitch type had a different profile of particulate PAHs and thus the correlation between BaP and other PAHs improved when we accounted for pitch type. While benzo(b)fluoranthene has been suggested as a more stable indicator of PAH environmental exposure [37], it was very highly correlated with BaP (r = 0.97) within this smelter. The high correlation between the particulate PAHs and BaP suggests that benzo(a)pyrene is an appropriate indicator for the PAH mixture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Cancer risk in aluminum reduction plant workers (Canada)

Spinelli

Demers

et al. 2006

Cancer Causes Control

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A 14-year update to a previously published historical cohort study of aluminum reduction plant workers was conducted [1]. All men with three or more years at an aluminum reduction plant in British Columbia (BC), Canada between the years 1954 and 1997 were included; a total of 6,423 workers. A total of 662 men were diagnosed with cancer, representing a 400% increase from the original study. Standardized mortality and incidence ratios were used to compare the cancer mortality and incidence of the cohort to that of the BC population. Poisson regression was used to examine risk by cumulative exposure to coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) measured as benzene soluble materials (BSM) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). The risk for bladder cancer was related to cumulative exposure to CTPV measured as BSM and BaP (p trends <0.001), and the risk for stomach cancer was related to exposure measured by BaP (p trend BaP <0.05). The risks for lung cancer (p trend <0.001), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (p trend <0.001), and kidney cancer (p trend <0.01) also increased with increasing exposure, although the overall rates were similar to that of the general population. Analysis of the joint effect of smoking and CTPV exposure on cancer showed the observed dose-response relationships to be independent of smoking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Cancer risk in aluminum reduction plant workers (Canada)

Spinelli

Demers

et al. 2006

Cancer Causes Control

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“…This method is considered simpler, less time-consuming, and a useful complementary of animal testing (Harkey et al 1994;Rastall et al 2004;Pu et al 2004). Different from the traditional benzo[a]pyrene equivalence assessment focusing on the total equivalent toxicity (Aubin and Farant 2000;Li et al 2003), the in vitro test assessment emphasizes the bioaccessible fraction, which will be closer to the behavior of PAHs in human digestion systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in topsoils from different urban functional areas using an in vitro gastrointestinal test

Lü

Yuan

Lin

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

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Profiles of the bioaccessibility of soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different urban functional areas of Xiamen City, Fujian, China were investigated. A physiologically based in vitro test was used to evaluate the bioaccessibility of total and individual PAHs. There was no obvious correlation between total concentrations of PAHs and bioaccessibility during the gastrointestinal phase for the soils from different functional areas. Results showed that the bioaccessibility variation in the gastrointestinal phase (ranging from 14.6% to 63.2%) was significantly higher than that in the gastric phase (ranging from 4.9% to 21.8%). The bioaccessibility in the gastrointestinal phase was not only determined by soil organic materials but also directly related to physical and chemical properties of individual PAHs, except for two-ring PAHs. Increasing soil organic material content or decreasing ring numbers of PAHs could result in the decrease of PAH bioaccessibility. The total PAH bioaccessibility was largely contributed by individual PAHs with relatively high molecular weight.

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“…Only one stack sampling campaign was performed since the process conditions and materials did not change over the course of the study. Ten stack samples were collected in one stack over a period of 10 days (April [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]1996).…”

Section: Stack Sampling Methods and Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B[a]P RAR differences between sampling periods (during the same calendar time frame) are significant for many PAHs, and comparisons between chimney and urban sampling station B[a]P RARs indicate that B[a]P may be removed or transformed at a greater rate that most of the other PAHs. Although the stack sampling time frame (April [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]1996) differs in comparison with the urban sampling station time frame (December-May), it is believed that the source profile should not change significantly from one season to another as long as the process conditions and materials remain the same. Therefore, based on the study results, B[a]P appears to be less stable than most of the other PAHs, suggesting that it may be a poor marker of urban exposure for the eight PAHs considered in this study.…”

Section: Intersite Comparisons Of Urban Sampling Station B[a]pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 The selection of a reference PAH requires further investigation of yearly and seasonal variations of RARs and the effect of environmental factors (both chemical and physical) on the presence of PAHs. Similar experiments at different facilities in various industries are also needed to confirm that B[a]P may be a poor marker and to identify the best indicator of PAH exposure in the atmospheric environment.…”

Section: Pah/b[a]pmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Benzo[a]pyrene Relative Abundance Ratios to Assess Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Atmosphere in the Vicinity of a Söderberg Aluminum Smelter

Sanderson

Farant

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of benzo [a]pyrene (B[a]P) relative abundance ratios (RARs) to assess exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the urban atmospheric air in the vicinity of a horizontal stud Söderberg aluminum reduction facility. The B[a]P RARs refer to the concentration of individual PAHs measured in a given sample divided by the concentration of B[a]P found in the same sample. This study compared the B[a]P RARs calculated for the facility stack and three sites near the Söderberg aluminum smelter for three different sampling periods. Interperiod differences were significant for many of the PAHs, and the differences between the stations proved insignificant at p < 0.05. The differences between each individual station and the facility stack were significant for all PAHs. B[a]P RARs increased in value at the stations compared with the stack, indicating that B[a]P may be degraded or removed from the atmosphere at a rate greater than that of the majority of the measured PAHs. It is concluded that B[a]P and B[a]P RARs may be poor markers of exposure to PAHs in the vicinity of this Söderberg aluminum refinery for the entire mixture of PAHs present in the ambient atmosphere.

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Benzo[b]fluoranthene, a Potential Alternative to Benzo[a]pyrene as an Indicator of Exposure to Airborne PAHs in the Vicinity of Söderberg Aluminum Smelters

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Cancer risk in aluminum reduction plant workers (Canada)

Cancer risk in aluminum reduction plant workers (Canada)

Assessment of the bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in topsoils from different urban functional areas using an in vitro gastrointestinal test

Use of Benzo[a]pyrene Relative Abundance Ratios to Assess Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Atmosphere in the Vicinity of a Söderberg Aluminum Smelter

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