Piridilaminonaftoquinonas foram preparadas a partir da reação de 2,3-dicloro-1,4-naftoquinona e aminopiridinas empregando irradiação de microondas. O uso de microondas diminuiu os tempos de reação e forneceu os melhores rendimentos em todos os casos. As substâncias preparadas foram avaliadas em células de câncer de mama (MCF-7).The synthesis of pyridylaminonaphthoquinones by microwave-assisted reaction of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone with aminopyridines is described. The use of microwave irradiation diminished the reaction times and improved the yields substantially in all these reactions. The compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.Keywords: 2,3-dichloronaphthoquinone, microwave irradiation, aminopyridines, cytotoxic activity
IntroductionThe aminonaphthoquinone scaffold is part of the structure of numerous natural and synthetic products associated with cytotoxic, antibacterial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities.1 Furthermore, many heterocyclic aminoquinones have been reported to show antitumor activity.
2A classical route to obtain 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones is by reaction of 1,4-naphthoquinones with amines followed by air oxidation or by nucleophilic addition-elimination on 2-halo-1,4-naphthoquinones.3,4 However, the generality of the methods is limited and most of them require long reaction times. In our continuous effort towards the synthesis of heterocyclic quinones with useful biological activities, 5 we were interested in the preparation of 2-pyridylamino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinones because their potential as antitumor agents was unexplored. Calandra and Adams, 6 and Truit and co-workers. 7 have reported that reaction of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (1) with 2-aminopyridine (2) under reflux of ethanol gives 2-(2-pyridylamino)-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (3), which affords 1,4-naphthoquinone derivative 4 upon treatment with acetic acid. However, Mosby and Boyle found that the reaction of 1 and 2 under reflux of ethanol in the presence of sodium bicarbonate leads to 1,2-naphthoquinone derivative 5 (46%) and not to 2-pyridylamino-1,4-naphthoquinone 3 neither p-quinone 4 (Scheme 1).
8Considering the importance of the pyridylamino-1,4-naphthoquinone moiety as pharmacophoric scaffold, we became interested in the application of microwave irradiation to study the reaction of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (1) with different aminopyridines. It is noteworthy that microwave techniques have been demonstrated as a valuable tool in accelerating the rate and yield of organic reactions in general.
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Results and DiscussionWe first performed the reaction of dichloronaphthoquinone 1 with 2-aminopyridine (2) employing conventional heating. Thus, treatment of quinone 1 with one equivalent of 2 in refluxing ethanol for 15 hours gave o-quinone 5 in 45% yield. The melting point and 1 HNMR spectra of compound 5 were in agreement with literature values, 10 and thus Mosby and Boyle results were confirmed.8 The microwave-assisted condensation reaction of 1 and 2 in et...