2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2021.100138
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Benzodiazepines reported in NFLIS-Drug, 2015 to 2018

Abstract: The National Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS) is a program of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Diversion Control Division. The NFLIS-Drug component collects drug identification results and associated information from drug cases submitted to and analyzed by federal, state, and local forensic laboratories. This paper presents national annual estimates and national and regional yearly trend differences for clonazepam, diazepam, flubromazolam, clonazolam, and etizolam using annual report rat… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…Other factors accelerating increases in benzodiazepine deaths involving opioids are rapid increases in supply and co‐use of illicit benzodiazepines among persons using illicit opioids, especially IMFs. Whereas law enforcement reports of diverted prescription benzodiazepines declined from 2015 through June 2020, reports of illicit benzodiazepines (particularly etizolam and flualprazolam) surged during that period, indicating increased availability 6 *****. Reductions in benzodiazepine and opioid co‐prescribing must be coupled with efforts to disrupt and reduce the availability of and harms associated with concurrent use of illicit benzodiazepines and IMFs.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Other factors accelerating increases in benzodiazepine deaths involving opioids are rapid increases in supply and co‐use of illicit benzodiazepines among persons using illicit opioids, especially IMFs. Whereas law enforcement reports of diverted prescription benzodiazepines declined from 2015 through June 2020, reports of illicit benzodiazepines (particularly etizolam and flualprazolam) surged during that period, indicating increased availability 6 *****. Reductions in benzodiazepine and opioid co‐prescribing must be coupled with efforts to disrupt and reduce the availability of and harms associated with concurrent use of illicit benzodiazepines and IMFs.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the increases in benzodiazepine overdose ED visit rates, including those without opioids, raise concerns about increased misuse and warrant further investigation. Because benzodiazepine use is less likely to result in fatal overdose without use of opioids or other depressants, 6 tracking nonfatal benzodiazepine overdoses is critical to tracking benzodiazepine misuse trends.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A bag of heroin packaged with a bag of fentanyl may be considered a single item, and both would be reported as substances within that item. Policies for identifying what an item is vary by laboratory.”Bollinger et al [27] appropriately describe co‐reported substances within the NFLIS‐Drug data, as follows:
“Understanding true drug combinations (e.g., powders mixed together) identified by laboratories across the United States is important to law enforcement agencies, public health departments, and other state, local, and federal entities. NFLIS‐Drug data can provide some insight into potential combinations but can provide limited knowledge on true combinations.
…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The NSW government in Australia issued a public information notice warning of the availability and risks associated with etizolam use after it was detected in pills designed to look like another benzodiazepine, alprazolam (New South Wales Ministry of Health, 2019). In the USA, the Drug Enforcement Agency National Forensic Laboratory Information has reported increasing detection of etizolam in recent years (Bollinger et al, 2021). Also in North America, an increase in etizolam (and other street benzos) has been detected within samples submitted to community drug checking programmes in Canada, mainly as part of adulterated opioids (Laing et al, 2021).…”
Section: Nps-type Benzodiazepines: a Global Threatmentioning
confidence: 99%