Beobachtungen am Chinesenkleiber (Sitta villosa Verreaux) in Nordkorea und Nordostchina

Phylogeny of the nuthatches of the Sitta canadensis group and its evolutionary and biogeographic implications

“…Vocalizations Matthysen et al (1991) and Fiebig (1992) concluded that the songs of the Chinese and Corsican Nuthatches are very similar and lack any of the harmonic notes emitted by the Kabylie and Kriiper's Nuthatches, as well as the Red-breasted Nuthatch (Lohrl 1961, Chappuis 1976, Vielliard 1978. In the light of the proposed phylogeny, the production of harmonics could be regarded as a primitive character, lost secondarily in the clade of the Chinese and Corsican Nuthatches, accompanied by an autapomorphic gain in the Red-breasted Nuthatch (Lohrl 1961).…”

“…Most of the species of the canadensis group (Yunnan Nuthatch included), like the Pygmy Nuthatch and the Brownheaded Nuthatch Sitta pusilla, are indigenous to coniferous forests (Bent 1948, Kumerloeve 1958, Norris 1955, Thibault 1983, Fiebig 1992, Frankis 1992, Cramp & Perrins 1993, Harrap & Quinn 1996. The Kabylie Nuthatch, however, is associated with two types of habitat in Algeria, oak and fir forests in Djebel Babor (Vielliard 1976a) and mixed oak forests in other places of the species distribution (Bellatreche 1991, Doumandji & Kisserli 1993).…”

“…Zat.) Mauersberger 1989, Matthysen et al 1991, Fiebig 1992. Moreover, Vielliard (1976a) concluded that the three western Palaearctic species (the Corsican Nuthatch, Kruper's Nuthatch Sitta krueperi and Kabylie Nuthatch) were more closely related to each other than to the Red-breasted or Chinese Nuthatches, in contradiction with the hypothesis proposed by Vaurie (1957).…”

“…Species studied include S. canadensis (LGhrl 1960, Rand 1972, S. krueperi (Lohrl 1962, Frankis 1992), S. villosa (Gao 1978. Mauersberger 1989, Matthysen et al 1991, Fiebig 1992. S. whiteheadi (Lohrl 1960, Chappuis 1976) and S. Zedanti (Jacobs et al 1978, Ledant 1978, Vielliard 1978, 1980, Gatter & Mattes 1979.…”