Beobachtungen über parasitenbedingte Ausbrüche durch Trinkwasser und Maßnahmen zu deren Vermeidung

Schoenen, D; Botzenhart, K; Exner, Martin; Feuerpfeil, Irmgard; Høyer, Ole Izard; Sacré, C; Szewzyk, Regine

doi:10.1007/s001030050455

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…After heavy rains or snow melting, the wastewater can spill over to the lake without any treatment. As a result, the Milwaukee Bay receives wastewater from an area inhabited by about 1.6 million people, and serves at the same time as a source of drinking water [16].…”

Section: Parasite-induced Outbreaks With Special Reference To the Milmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These shortcomings cannot be attributed to the local or the temporal adverse factors, but are rather of a principal nature (cf. Table 5) [21]. Chemical disinfectants are reliable only on free suspended microorganisms including bacterial and viral pathogens, as well as on indicator microorganisms commonly used for epidemiological and hygienic surveillance of drinking water (e.g.…”

Section: Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high efficiency of chemical disinfectants has repeatedly been confirmed only in laboratory studies. For these tests, the microorganisms -bacteria and viruses -are cultured and washed in a particular way, and certain substances have to be removed from the nutritive medium because they could affect Table 5: Elimination or killing of microorganisms including pathogens in water in dependence on: (i) the treatment process (filtration, chemical or heat disinfection), (ii) the kind of groups of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and parasites), (iii) the type of contamination -by free suspended microorganisms (typical of laboratory experiments) or by microorganisms in particles of fecal origin (typical of environmental situations and drinking water contaminations) [21]. the test and could give rise to irreproducible results.…”

Section: Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarities and differences between Chicago and Milwaukee[8,[12][13][14][15][16][17]20] in terms of the drinking water hygiene. Until 1900 high infection rate via drinking water; Chicago had the highest cholera incidence in the USA and a higher number of typhoid fever cases than Milwaukee of construction of the Canal and channeling of wastewater from the city center to Mississippi • 1930 connection of all city sections to the canal • 1950 end of wastewater disposal to Lake Michigan…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Requirements for the Catchment, Treatment, and Surveillance of Drinking Water To Avoid the Transmittance of Pathogenic Bacterial, Viral, and Parasitic Organisms

Schoenen¹

2001

Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol.

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Measures devised for guaranteeing the supply of epidemiologically and hygienically sound drinking water are generally based on observations made during epidemics and the follow‐up scientific studies. Despite the high level standards that have been attained in the treatment of drinking water, the drinking water‐derived outbreaks still keep cropping up even in the industrialized countries. The outbreaks of the parasites Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum, and the recent outbreak in Canada caused by Toxoplasma gondii, again focused our attention to the possible infection risk posed by pathogens in drinking water. The circumstances of the cryptosporidia outbreak in Milwaukee in 1993 can be considered as typical for such outbreaks in which parasites have caused human disease. There are generally two ways of avoiding the transmittance of pathogens by drinking water: (i) use of uncontaminated groundwater, or (ii) treatment of the potentially contaminated one. All surface waters have to be considered potentially contaminated, while the purity of the groundwater depends on the local conditions. Routine disinfection of drinking water should be used to minimize the residual risk posed by pathogens. For purification of fecally contaminated water it is utterly inadequate. Testing of water for pathogens followed by more extensive decontamination measures in the case of positive findings appears to be of little value.

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Section: Parasite-induced Outbreaks With Special Reference To the Milmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Requirements for the Catchment, Treatment, and Surveillance of Drinking Water To Avoid the Transmittance of Pathogenic Bacterial, Viral, and Parasitic Organisms

Schoenen¹

2001

Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol.

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“…B. im Zusammenhang mit Gartenarbeit), die Reinigung von Katzentoiletten oder der Verzehr roher Nahrungsmittel wie Gemü-se und Früchte zur Infektion führt[63]. Trinkwasserbedingte Toxoplasmoseepidemien wurden in Kanada und Panama beschrieben und werfen Fragen zur Sicherheit des Trinkwassers auf[64]. Gewebestadien enthaltendes Fleisch infizierter Zwischenwirte kann bei rohem oder ungenügend erhitztem Verzehr, aber auch bei der Verarbeitung zu Infektionen führen.…”

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Zoonosen der Nutz- und Wildtiere und ihre Bedeutung in Deutschland

Conraths¹

2004

Bundesgesundheitsbl - Gesundheitsforsch - Gesundheitsschutz

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The control of infectious diseases transmitted from animals to humans (zoonoses) was recently put on a new basis in the European Union when a new Zoonoses Directive entered into force. Brucellosis, campylobacteriosis, echinococcosis, listeriosis, salmonellosis, trichinosis, and the respective causative agents, tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis, and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli must be included in monitoring. Additional zoonoses and zoonotic agents are to be monitored according to the epidemiological situation. Against this background, the current knowledge on important zoonoses transmitted from livestock and some wildlife animals to humans as well as the epidemiological situation in Germany with regard to these diseases is summarized.

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Botzenhart

Feuerpfeil

2008

Hygienisch‐mikrobiologische Wasseruntersuchung in Der Praxis

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Beobachtungen über parasitenbedingte Ausbrüche durch Trinkwasser und Maßnahmen zu deren Vermeidung

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Requirements for the Catchment, Treatment, and Surveillance of Drinking Water To Avoid the Transmittance of Pathogenic Bacterial, Viral, and Parasitic Organisms

Requirements for the Catchment, Treatment, and Surveillance of Drinking Water To Avoid the Transmittance of Pathogenic Bacterial, Viral, and Parasitic Organisms

Zoonosen der Nutz- und Wildtiere und ihre Bedeutung in Deutschland

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