“…Our contribution in this paper aims to fill this gap. In particular, we derive analytical BER expressions that quantify the degradation in BER due to the combined effect of both CFOs and TOs in uplink OFDMA with M -state state quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) on Rician fading channels using probability density function (pdf) [15] and characteristic function (CF) approaches. Another interesting aspect of our contribution is that we carry out this BER analysis for a general "multicluster" multipath Rician fading model, which is typical in indoor/ultrawideband (UWB) and underwater acoustic channels [16]- [20].…”