�ber einen Rest des Parasphenoids beim Menschen

Reinbach, Wolfgisbert

doi:10.1007/bf00531076

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Furthermore, while Starck () indicated the presence of a parasphenoid in opossums, this was not corroborated by Clark and Smith () who studied wallabies, nor by Frigo and Woolley () in the stripe‐faced dunnart. Finally, while Reinbach () reports a vestigial parasphenoid in human embryos, this bone is not present in adults and has not been noted by other researchers (e.g. Gardner, 1976 and others) nor mentioned in human anatomy textbooks (such as Gray and Carter ; White et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Therefore, these bones pass Patterson's () congruence test. While these elements also pass the similarity test, our assessment of the parasphenoid and the vomer shows that mammals have both of these bones (Table ; Reinbach , ; Starck ; Kardong ), and therefore, they fail Patterson's () test for conjunction. In summary, the parasphenoid and the mammalian vomer pass Patterson's () tests for similarity and congruence, but fail the conjunction test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…While some researchers (e.g. Reinbach , ; Starck ) indicate that a reduced or vestigial parasphenoid is present in some mammals (e.g. in camels, rabbits, opossums and embryonic humans), a parasphenoid bone has not been found in the mouse, an organism that is the subject of intense study (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sutton ; Kesteven ; Watson ; De Beer ). While these early researchers claimed the parasphenoid was absent in all mammals, other researchers found a vestigial parasphenoid in several mammals including camels, rabbits, opossums and embryonic humans (Reinbach , ; Starck ; Kardong ). Starck () argued that the presence of a parasphenoid in placental mammals means that the mammalian vomer and parasphenoid cannot be homologous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evolutionary and morphological history of the parasphenoid bone in vertebrates

Atkins

Franz‐Odendaal

2015

Acta Zoologica

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Atkins, J.B and Franz-Odendaal, T.A. 2016. The evolutionary and morphological history of the parasphenoid bone in vertebrates.-Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 97: 255-263.The parasphenoid is located in the cranium of many vertebrates. When present, it is always an unpaired, dermal bone. While most basal vertebrates have a parasphenoid, most placental mammals lack this element and have an unpaired, dermal vomer in a similar position (i.e. associated with the same bones) and with a similar function. As such, the parasphenoid and the vomer were considered homologous by some early twentieth century researchers. However, others questioned this homology based on comparisons between mammals and reptiles.Here we investigate the parasphenoid bone across the major vertebrate lineages (amphibians, reptiles, mammals and teleosts) including both developmental and evolutionary aspects, which until now have not been considered together. We find that within all the major vertebrate lineages there are organisms that possess a parasphenoid and a vomer, while the parasphenoid is absent within caecilians and most placental mammals. Based on our assessment and Patterson's conjunction tests, we conclude that the non-mammalian parasphenoid and the vomer in mammals cannot be considered homologous. Additionally, the parasphenoid is likely homologous between sarcopterygian and actinopterygian lineages. This research attempts to resolve the issue of the parasphenoid homology and highlights where gaps in our knowledge are still present.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evolutionary and morphological history of the parasphenoid bone in vertebrates

Atkins

Franz‐Odendaal

2015

Acta Zoologica

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“…Isothermal grain growth normally follows the Hillert model, as used by Iqbal et al [8], shown in Equation 1, where d is the mean grain diameter, d o is the initial mean grain diameter, k is a rate constant, t is time and n is the growth exponent, usually ~0.5 for normal grain growth [4,16]:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of grain growth in Ti-2.7Al-5.7Fe-6Mo-6V alloy

Mutava

Cornish

Sigalas

2017

J min metall B Metall

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The metastable (βTi) alloy Ti-2.7Al-5.7Fe-6Mo-6V (wt%) was produced by semi-centrifugal casting of blended elemental powders. The phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and overall composition was measured by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The beta transus was determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and optical microscopy. The cast alloys were annealed at different temperatures under argon, up to 900 o C, where they were in the solution-treated state, and the solution-treated alloys were aged between 400 o C and 600 o C. The kinetics of grain growth during heat treatment of the as-cast and solution-treated alloys was investigated by metallography, using the grain intercept method. Grain growth depended on whether the matrix was (αTi) or (βTi), and on the competing precipitate dissolution, or nucleation and growth processes. The as-cast alloy had a mean grain size of 19 ± 7µm, which increased to 63 ± 21µm after heat treating at 500 o C for 2h. The alloy was duplex between 590 o C and 800 o C, and completely (βTi) above 800 o C. After solution treatment, the mean grain size was 40 ± 16 µm, which was smaller than at the lower heat treatment temperatures. Following solution treatment, the mean grain size increased with increasing ageing temperature, up to 66 ± 22µm after 2h at 600 o C. The growth exponents were lower than the 0.5 for normal grain growth in both cases, and there was an incubation period at 300 o C and 400 o C when the alloy was not solution-treated. Minimal grain growth was observed close to the beta transus.

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Starck¹

1979

Vergleichende Anatomie Der Wirbeltiere Auf Evolutionsbiologischer Grundlage

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�ber einen Rest des Parasphenoids beim Menschen

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

The evolutionary and morphological history of the parasphenoid bone in vertebrates

The evolutionary and morphological history of the parasphenoid bone in vertebrates

Kinetics of grain growth in Ti-2.7Al-5.7Fe-6Mo-6V alloy

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