“…The peak region between 1,350 and 1,500 cm -1 represented aromatic amines, alkanes, the presence of a CH3 group, uronic acids, and other nitro compounds (Bayar et al, 2017;Muthusamy et al, 2019;Karbuz and Tugrul, 2021). The absorption band at 1233 cm -1 was from the cyclic C-C bond (-CH3CO stretching) in the ring structure of pectin (Pereira et al, 2016;Muñoz-Almagro et al, 2021). Intense peaks related to polygalacturonic acid as pectin polysaccharides characteristics appeared at 1223, 1156, 1099, 1024, and 962 cm -1 , assigned to C=O, C-O, C-C, C-H stretching, and C-O bending, respectively (Rodsamran and Sothornvit, 2019).…”